Key Terms Chapter 07: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control
- Page ID
- 143142
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Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
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(Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
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Conflict Theory | a theory that examines social and economic factors as the causes of criminal deviance | ||||
Control Theory | a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from society | ||||
Corporate Crime | crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment | ||||
Corrections System | the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses | ||||
Court | a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law | ||||
Crime | a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions | ||||
Criminal Justice System | an organization that exists to enforce a legal code | ||||
Cultural Deviance Theory | a theory that suggests conformity to the prevailing cultural norms of lower-class society causes crime | ||||
Deviance | a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms | ||||
Differential Association Theory | a theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance | ||||
Formal Sanctions | sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced | ||||
Hate Crimes | attacks based on a person’s race, religion, or other characteristics | ||||
Informal Sanctions | sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions | ||||
Labeling Theory | the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society | ||||
Legal Codes | codes that maintain formal social control through laws | ||||
Master Status | a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual | ||||
Negative Sanctions | punishments for violating norms | ||||
Nonviolent Crimes | crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force or the threat of force | ||||
Police | a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level | ||||
Positive Sanctions | rewards given for conforming to norms | ||||
Power Elite | a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources | ||||
Primary Deviance | a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others | ||||
Sanctions | the means of enforcing rules | ||||
Secondary Deviance | deviance that occurs when a person’s self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society | ||||
Self-report Study | a collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or telephone interviews | ||||
Social Control | the regulation and enforcement of norms | ||||
Social Disorganization Theory | a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control | ||||
Social Order | an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society’s members base their daily lives | ||||
Strain Theory | a theory that addresses the relationship between having socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals | ||||
Street Crime | crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public spaces | ||||
Victimless Crime | activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them | ||||
Violent Crimes | crimes based on the use of force or the threat of force |