10.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 172327
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| Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  |
The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| capital flight | the movement (flight) of capital from one nation to another, via jobs and resources | ||||
| chattel slavery | a form of slavery in which one person owns another | ||||
| core nations | dominant capitalist countries | ||||
| debt accumulation | the buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money from other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals | ||||
| debt bondage | the act of people pledging themselves as servants in exchange for money for passage, and are subsequently paid too little to regain their freedom | ||||
| deindustrialization | the loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral and semi-peripheral nations where the costs are lower | ||||
| dependency theory | a theory which states that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations by core nations | ||||
| extreme poverty | the state where one is barely able, or unable, to afford basic necessities | ||||
| first world | a term from the Cold War era that is used to describe industrialized capitalist democracies | ||||
| fourth world | a term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage | ||||
| GINI coefficient | a measure of income inequality between countries using a 100-point scale, in which 1 represents complete equality and 100 represents the highest possible inequality | ||||
| global feminization of poverty | a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty | ||||
| global inequality | the concentration of resources in core nations and in the hands of a wealthy minority | ||||
| global stratification | the unequal distribution of resources between countries | ||||
| gross national income (GNI) | the income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporations headquartered in that country | ||||
| modernization theory | a theory that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and a shift in cultural attitudes towards work | ||||
| peripheral nations | nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization | ||||
| relative poverty | the state of poverty where one is unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in the country | ||||
| second world | a term from the Cold War era that describes nations with moderate economies and standards of living | ||||
| semi-peripheral nations | in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials and an expanding middle class marketplace | ||||
| subjective poverty | a state of poverty composed of many dimensions, subjectively present when one’s actual income does not meet one’s expectations | ||||
| third world | a term from the Cold War era that refers to poor, unindustrialized countries | ||||
| underground economy | an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections |