2.5: Notes

Thanks to the editors for their helpful comments.

¹ Netflix, “Netflix’s View: Internate TV Is Replacing Linear TV,” July 15, 2015, http://ir.netflix.com/long-term-view.cfm.

² IBM Institute for Business Value, “The End of Television as We Know It,” www-935.ibm.com/services/us/imc/pdf/ge510–6248-end-of-tv-full.pdf.

³ U.S. Navy homepage, www.navy.com.

⁴ Esther Dyson, George Gilder, George Keyworth, and Alvin Toffler, “Cyberspace and the American Dream: A Magna Carta for the Information Age,” version 1.2 (Progress and Freedom Foundation, 1994), www.pff.org/issues-pubs/futureinsights/fi1.2magnacarta.html.

⁵ “1. You,” Guardian, September 1, 2013, www.theguardian.com/media/2013/sep/01/you-them-mediaguardian-100–2013; “MediaGuardian 100,” Guardian, September 1, 2013, www.theguardian.com/media/series/mediaguardian-100–2013–1–100.

⁶ Lev Grossman, “Time’s Person of the Year: You,” Time, December 13, 2006, http://content.time.com/time/magazin...570810,00.html.

⁷ “Exporting the Doctor,” New Statesman, August 22–28, 2014, 7.

⁸ CHASS, “Innovation in a Post-Smokestack Industry Era: Productivity Commission’s Study on Science and Innovation,” 2006, www.chass.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/SUB20060807TG.pdf.

⁹ An astonishing claim from a country that survives on per capita dirty-power exports that make it among the greatest polluters in history—but why spoil a good story? Simon Lauder, “Australians the ‘World’s Worst Polluters,’” World Today, September 11, 2009, www.abc.net.au/news/2009–09–11/australians-the-worlds-worst-polluters/1425986.

¹⁰ The first reference I have found to this is Toby Miller, “No More Cybertarians, Please—More Citizens, Thank You,” Television & New Media 1.2 (2000): 131–134. But then I would say that.

¹¹ Mark Graham, “Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Development,” Geography Compass 2.3 (2008): 771–789.

¹² Alvin Toffler, The Third Wave (New York: William Morrow, 1980); George Ritzer and Nathan Jurgenson, “Production, Consumption, Prosumption: The Nature of Capitalism in the Age of the Digital ‘Prosumer,’” Journal of Consumer Culture 10.1 (2010): 13–36.

¹³ Hugo wrote, “On resiste à l’invasion des armées; on ne résiste pas à l’invasion des idées,” in Histoire d’un crime: Déposition d’un témoin (Paris: Nelson, 1907), 554, which is often rendered in English as the cliché I have just used. The next sentence is “La gloire des barbares est d’être conquis par l’humanité; la gloire des sauvages est d’être conquis par la civilization,” which translates as “The glory of barbarians is to be conquered by humanity; the glory of savages is to be conquered by civilization.” Thanks for sharing, Vic.

¹⁴ Michel Foucault, The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1978–79, trans. Graham Burchell, ed. Michel Senellart (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 226.

¹⁵ James W. Carey, “Historical Pragmatism and the Internet,” New Media & Society 7.4 (2005): 443–455.

¹⁶ Meaghan Morris, “The Banality of Cultural Studies,” in Logics of Television: Essays in Cultural Criticism, ed. Patricia Mellencamp (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990), 14–43; Terry Eagleton, “The Revolt of the Reader,” New Literary History 13.3 (1982): 449–452.

¹⁷ Christine L. Ogan, Manaf Bashir, Lindita Camaj, Yunjuan Luo, Brian Gaddie, Rosemary Pennington, Sonia Rana, and Mohammed Salih, “Development Communication: The State of Research in an Era of ICTs and Globalization,” Gazette 71.8 (2009): 655–670.

¹⁸ International Telecommunication Union, Measuring the Information Society: Executive Summary (Geneva: International Telecommunication Union, 2012), 4.

¹⁹ Matías Bianchi, “Digital Age Inequality in Latin America,” Democracia Abierta, June 24, 2015, www.opendemocracy.net/democraciaabierta/mat%C3%ADas-bianchi/digital-age-inequality-in-latin-america.

²⁰ Evgeny Morozov, The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom (New York: PublicAffairs, 2011); and To Save Everything, Click Here: The Folly of Technological Solutionism (New York: PublicAffairs, 2013).

²¹ Andrew Ross, Nice Work If You Can Get It: Life and Labor in Precarious Times (New York: New York University Press, 2009); Mark Banks, Rosalind Gill, and Stephanie Taylor, eds., Theorising Cultural Work: Labour, Continuity and Change in the Cultural and Creative Industries (London: Routledge, 2013); Marisol Sandoval, From Corporate to Social Media: Critical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility in Media and Communication Industries (London: Routledge, 2014); Christian Fuchs, Social Media: A Critical Introduction (Los Angeles: Sage, 2014); Geert Lovink and Miriam Rasch, eds., Unlike Us Reader: Social Media Monopolies and Their Alternatives (Amsterdam: Institute of Network Cultures, 2013); Dan Schiller, Digital Depression: Information Technology and Economic Crisis (Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2014).

²² Christian Christensen, ed., “WikiLeaks: From Popular Culture to Political Economy,” International Journal of Communication 8 (2014), http://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/issue/view/10#more4; André Jansson and Miyase Christensen, eds., Media, Surveillance and Identity: Social Perspectives (New York: Peter Lang, 2014).

²³ Néstor García Canclini, El mundo entero como lugar extraño (Buenos Aires: Gedisa, 2014); Walter Armbrust, “The Revolution against Neoliberalism,” Jadaliyya, February 2011, https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/23...-Neoliberalism; Rami Zurayk, Food, Farming and Freedom: Sowing the Arab Spring (Charlottesville, VA: Just World Books, 2011); Mukadder Çakir, ed. Yeni Medyaya Eleştirel Yaklaşimlar (İstanbul: Doğu Kitabevi, 2014).

²⁴ Basel Action Network and Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, Exporting Harm: The High-Tech Trashing of Asia (Seattle: Basel Action Network, 2002); Greenpeace, How Clean Is Your Cloud? (2012), https://www.greenpeace.org/internati...is-your-cloud/; Centro de Reflexión y Acción Laboral, New Technology Workers: Report on Working Conditions in the Mexican Electronics Industry (2006), http://sjsocial.org/fomento/proyecto...texto=cereal_m.

²⁵ Tom Standage, “Your Television Is Ringing,” Economist, October 12, 2006, www.economist.com/node/7995312.

²⁶ Howard Gardner, “When Television Marries Computer,” New York Times, March 27, 1983, www.nytimes.com/1983/03/27/books/when-television-marries-computer-by-howard-gardner.html.

²⁷ Lydia Saad, “TV Is Americans’ Main Source of News,” Gallup, July 8, 2013, www.gallup.com/poll/163412/americans-main-source-news.aspx; “The State of the News Media 2005,” Journalism.org, http://stateofthemedia.org/2005/; “Trends 2005,” Pew Research Center, January 20, 2005, www.pewresearch.org/2005/01/20/trends-2005/.

²⁸ Katrina vanden Heuvel, “America Needs Electoral Reform,” Nation, July 1, 2008, www.thenation.com/article/america-needs-electoral-reform; “Voters, MySpace, and YouTube,” Social Science Computer Review 26 (Fall 2008): 288–300, http://ssc.sagepub.com/content/26/3/288.full.pdf+html; “An Analysis of 2007 and 2008 Political, Issue and Advocacy Advertising (TNS),” Branson Agent, October 16, 2007, http://bransonagentnewsline.blogspot...political.html; www.adweek.com/?vnu_content_id=1003658398&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_ campaign=Feed%253A+Mediaweek-Tv-Radio-Stations-And-Outdoor+%2528Mediaweek+News+-+TV%252C+Radio+Stations+and+Outdoor%2529.

²⁹ Ira Teinowitz, “Olympic Deal Sealed: Obama Makes $5 Million Buy,” Advertising Age, July 23, 2008, http://adage.com/article/news/olympi...on-buy/129853/; Paul J. Gough, “In ’08, Big Headlines for Everybody,” Hollywood Reporter, December 31, 2008, www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/08-big-headlines-everybody-124988; “One-in-Ten ‘Dual-Screened’ the Presidential Debate,” Pew Research Center, October 11, 2012, /www.people-press.org/2012/10/11/one-inten-dual-screened-the-presidential-debate/.

³⁰ John Eggerton, “Survey: TV Remains Top News Access Device,” Broadcasting and Cable, March 17, 2014, www.broadcastingcable.com/news/washington/survey-tv-remains-top-news-accessdevice/129847; Nic Newman and David A.L. Levy, Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2014 (Oxford: Reuters Institute, 2014), https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox...ort%202014.pdf; “BBC World News and BBC.com Release World’s Largest Global Study of News Consumption Habits across Multiple Devices,” BBC News, March 26, 2013, www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/worldnews/news-consumption.html.

³¹ Political Economy Research Institute, “Misfortune 100: Top Corporate Air Polluters in the United States” (2013), www.peri.umass.edu/toxicair_current/.

³² Jad Mouawad and Kate Galbraith, “Plugged in Age Feeds Hunger for Electricity,” New York Times, September 20, 2009, A1; International Energy Agency, Gadgets and Gigawatts: Policies for Energy Efficient Electronics—Executive Summary (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2009), 5, 21; Climate Group, Smart2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age (London: Global Sustainability Initiative, 2008), 8–23; Simon Hancock, “Iceland New Home of Server Farms?” BBC News, October 10, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/h...ne/8297237.stm; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Greener and Smarter: ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change (Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 2010), 19.

³³ Entertainment & Leisure Software Publishers Association, Chicks and Joysticks: An Exploration of Women and Gaming (London: Entertainment & Leisure Software Publishers Association, 2004); Department for Children, Schools and Families and Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Safer Children in a Digital World: The Report of the Byron Review (2008); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, and Games Developers’ Association of Australia, Working in Australia’s Digital Games Industry: Consolidation Report (2011).

³⁴ Richard Maxwell and Toby Miller, “‘Warm and Stuffy’: The Ecological Impact of Electronic Games,” in The Video Game Industry: Formation, Present State, and Future, ed. Peter Zackariasson and Timothy Wilson (London: Routledge, 2012), 179–197; Toby Miller, Cultural Citizenship: Cosmopolitanism, Consumerism, and Television in a Neoliberal Age (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2007).

³⁵ Bryan Appleyard, “The New Luddites,” New Statesman, August 22–28, 2014, 35.

³⁶ Vernor Vinge, “Signs of the Singularity,” IEEE Spectrum, June 1, 2008, http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/...he-singularity.

³⁷ “The Singularity,” IEEE Spectrum, http://spectrum.ieee.org/static/singularity.

³⁸ Toffler, The Third Wave, 266, 269–270, 275.

³⁹ Alvin Toffler, Previews and Premises (New York: William Morrow, 1983); and Powershift: Knowledge, Wealth, and Violence at the Edge of the Twenty-First Century (New York: Bantam, 1990).

⁴⁰ André Gorz, “Économie de la connaissance, exploitation des savoirs: Entretien réalizé par Yann Moulier Boutang and Carlo Vercellone,” Multitudes 15 (2004), http://multitudes.samizdat.net/Econo...a-connaissance; Ross, Nice Work If You Can Get It.

⁴¹ Laikwan Pang, “The Labor Factor in the Creative Economy: A Marxist Reading,” Social Text 99 (2009): 59.

⁴² Ross, Nice Work If You Can Get It.

⁴³ Vincent Mosco, To the Cloud: Big Data in a Turbulent World (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2014), 155–174.

⁴⁴ Dawn C. Chmielewski, “Poptent’s Amateurs Sell Cheap Commercials to Big Brands,” Los Angeles Times, May 8, 2012, http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may...ptent-20120508; www.poptent.net/.

⁴⁵ Miranda Banks and Ellen Seiter, “Spoilers at the Digital Utopia Party: The WGA and Students Now,” Flow 7.4 (2007), http://flowtv.org/2007/12/spoilers-a...-students-now/.

⁴⁶ Michael Cieply, “For Film Graduates, an Altered Job Picture,” New York Times, July 4, 2011, C1.

⁴⁷ Sam Thielman, “YouTube Commits $200 Million in Marketing Support to Channels,” AdWeek, May 3, 2012, www.adweek.com/news/technology/youtube-commits-200-million-marketing-support-channels-140007.

⁴⁸ Erin Sparks and Mary Jo Watts, Degrees for What Jobs? Raising Expectations for Universities and Colleges in a Global Economy (Washington: National Governors Association Center for Best Practices, 2011), 6.

⁴⁹ Nandini Lakshman, “Copyediting? Ship the Work Out to India,” Business Week, July 8, 2008, www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jul2008/gb2008078_678274.htm; Mindworks web site, www.mindworksglobal.com/.

⁵⁰ Sharada Ramanathan, “The Creativity Mantra,” Hindu, October 29, 2006, www.hindu.com/mag/2006/10/29/stories/2006102900290700.htm.

⁵¹ Andrew Ross, “Nice Work If You Can Get It: The Mercurial Career of Creative Industries Policy,” Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 1.1 (2006–7): 1–19; Carmen Marcus, Future of Creative Industries: Implications for Research Policy (Brussels: European Commission Foresight Working Documents Series, 2005).

⁵² García Canclini, El mundo entero como lugar extraño.