8.3: The Attention-Getter- The First Step of an Introduction

Learning Objectives

1. Understand the different tools speakers can use to gain their audience’s attention.
2. Name some common mistakes speakers make in trying to gain attention.

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): NES Control start button. (CC BY-NC 2.0; Stephen Velasco via Flickr)

As we now know, a good introduction will capture an audience’s attention, while a bad introduction can turn an audience against a speaker. An attention-getter is the device a speaker uses at the beginning of a speech to capture an audience’s interest and make them interested in the speech’s topic. Typically, there are four things to consider in choosing a specific attention-getting device:

1. Appropriateness or relevance to audience
2. Purpose of speech
3. Topic
4. Occasion

First, when selecting an attention-getting device, make sure that the strategy is actually appropriate and relevant to the specific audience. Different audiences will have different backgrounds and knowledge, so use audience analysis to determine whether specific information would be appropriate for a specific audience. For example, if giving a speech on family units to a group of individuals over the age of sixty-five, starting a speech with a reference to the television show Gossip Girl may not be the best idea because the television show may not be relevant to that audience.

Second, consider the basic purpose of the speech. As discussed earlier in this text, there are three basic purposes for giving a speech: to inform, to persuade, and to entertain. When selecting an attention-getter, make sure to select one that corresponds with the basic purpose. If the goal is to entertain an audience, then starting a speech with a quotation about how many people are dying in Africa each day from malnutrition may not be the best way to get the audience’s attention. Remember, one of the basic goals of an introduction is to prepare the audience for the speech. If the attention-getter differs drastically in tone from the rest of the speech, the disjointedness may cause the audience to become confused or tuned out.

The third consideration when picking an attention-getting device is the speech topic. Ideally, an attention-getting device should have a relevant connection to the speech. Imagine if a speaker pulled condoms out of his pocket, yelled “Free sex!” and threw the condoms at the audience in the beginning of a speech about the economy. While this may clearly get the audience’s attention, this isn’t really a good way to prepare an audience for a speech about bull and bear markets. Not every attention-getter is appropriate for a given topic. Instead, a speaker could start this speech by explaining that “according to a 2004 episode of 60 Minutes, adults in the United States spend approximately $10 billion annually on adult entertainment, which is roughly the equivalent to the amounts they spend attending professional sporting events, buying music, or going out to the movies” (Leung, 2004). Notice how effective the shocking statistic is in clearly introducing the monetary value of the adult entertainment industry.

The last consideration when picking an attention-getting device involves the speech occasion. Different occasions will necessitate different tones, or particular styles or manners of speaking. For example, a persuasive speech about death and dying shouldn’t be happy and hilarious. An informative speech on the benefits of laughing shouldn’t be dull, dreary, and depressing. When selecting an attention-getter, make sure that the attention-getter sets the tone for the speech.

Now that we’ve explored the four major considerations for selecting an attention-getter, let’s look at a range of different attention-getters to employ. Miller (1946) discovered that speakers tend to use one of eleven attention-getting devices when starting a speech. The rest of this section is going to examine some of these eleven attention-getting devices.

Quotation

Another way to capture an audience's attention is to use the words of another person that relate directly to the speech topic. When researching for the speech, books and articles can provide those compelling quotations to begin a speech with. There are also a number of sources that compile useful quotations from noted individuals. Probably the most famous quotation book of all time is Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations (http://www.bartleby.com/100), now in its seventeenth edition. Here are some other websites that contain useful databases of quotations for almost any topic:

• http://www.quotationspage.com
• http://www.bartleby.com/quotations
• http://www.moviequotes.com
• www.quotesandsayings.com
• http://www.quoteland.com

Quotations are a great way to start a speech, so let’s look at an example that could be used for a speech on deception:

Oliver Goldsmith, a sixteenth-century writer, poet, and physician, once noted that “the true use of speech is not so much to express our wants as to conceal them.”

Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Audience laughing. (CC BY-NC 2.0.; Thinkmedialabs via Flickr)

Now that we’ve offered warnings about the perils of using humor, let’s talk about how to use humor as an attention-getter. Humor can be incorporated into several of the attention-getting devices already mentioned. We could use a humorous anecdote, quotation, or current event. As with other attention-getting devices, we need to make sure our humor is relevant to our topic, as one of the biggest mistakes some novices make when using humor is to add humor that really doesn’t support the overall goal of the speech. So when looking for humorous attention-getters, we want to make sure that the humor is non-offensive to our audiences and relevant to our speeches. For example, here’s a humorous quotation from Nicolas Chamfort, a French author during the sixteenth century, “The only thing that stops God from sending another flood is that the first one was useless.” While this quotation could be great for some audiences, other audiences may find this humorous quotation offensive (e.g., religious audiences). The Chamfort quotation could be great for a speech on the ills of modern society, but probably not for a speech on the state of modern religious conflict. We want to make sure that the leap from our attention-getters to our topics isn’t too complicated for our audiences, or the attention-getter will backfire.

Personal Reference

Another attention getting device to consider is referencing a relevant personal story. Some of the best speeches are ones that come from personal knowledge and experience.

When using a personal example, don’t get carried away with the focus on other aspects of life. The speech topic is the purpose of the attention-getter, not the other way around. Another pitfall in using a personal example is that it may be too personal for a speaker to maintain composure. For example, a student once started a speech about her grandmother by stating, “My grandmother died of cancer at 3:30 this morning.” The student then proceeded to cry nonstop for ten minutes. While this is an extreme example, we strongly recommend that you avoid any material that could get you overly choked up while speaking. When speakers have an emotional breakdown during their speech, audience members stop listening to the message and become very uncomfortable.

Reference to Occasion

The last device we mention for starting a speech is to refer directly to the speaking occasion. This attention-getter is only useful if the speech is being delivered for a specific occasion. Many toasts, for example, start with the following statement: “Today we are here to honor X.” In this case, the “X” could be a retirement, a marriage, a graduation, or any number of other special occasions. Because of its specific nature, this attention-getter is the least likely to be used for speeches being delivered for college courses.

Key Takeaways

• In developing a speech introduction, begin by deciding upon a statement to capture the audience’s attention.
• Attention-getters can include references to the audience, quotations, references to current events, historical references, anecdotes, startling statements, questions, humor, personal references, and references to the occasion.

Exercises

1. Make a list of the attention-getting devices you might use to give a speech on the importance of recycling. Which do you think would be most effective? Why?
2. You’ve been asked to deliver a speech on the use of advertising in children’s media. Out of the list of ten different possible attention-getting devices discussed in the chapter, how could you use four of them to start your speech?

References

• Aesop (1881). Aesop’s fables. New York, NY: Wm. L. Allison. Retrieved from http://www.litscape.com/author/Aesop/The_Boy_and_the_Filberts.html
• Leung, R. (2004, September 5). Porn in the U.S.A.: Steve Kroft reports on a $10 billion industry. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com.
• Miller, E. (1946). Speech introductions and conclusions. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 32, 181–183.
• Whitney, L. (2009, July 13). Don’t text while walking? Girl learns the hard way. CNET News Wireless. Retrieved from news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-10285466-94.html