8.5: End of Chapter Review
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Compare three major hypotheses about primate origins, making reference to each one’s key ecological reason for primate uniqueness.
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Explain how changes in temperature, rainfall, and vegetation led to major changes in primate biogeography over the Early Tertiary.
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List some euprimate features that plesiadapiforms have and some that they lack.
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Contrast adapoids and omomyoids in terms of life habits.
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Describe one piece of evidence for each of the adapoid, omomyoid, and tarsier origin hypotheses for anthropoids.
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Discuss the biogeography of the origins of African great apes and orangutans using examples from the Miocene ape fossil record.
GLOSSARY
TABLES
FOR FURTHER EXPLORATION
Beard, Chris 2004. The Hunt for the Dawn Monkey: Unearthing the Origins of Monkeys, Apes, and Humans. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Begun, David R. 2010. Miocene Hominids and the Origins of the African Apes and Humans. Annual Review of Anthropology 39: 67–84.
Fleagle, John G. 2013. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Third edition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Gebo, Daniel L., ed. 1993. Postcranial Adaptations in Nonhuman Primates. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
Godfrey, Laurie R., and William L. Jungers. 2002. Quaternary Fossil Lemurs. In The Primate Fossil Record, edited by Walter C. Hartwig, 97–121. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Godinot, Marc. 2006. Lemuriform Origins as Viewed from the Fossil Record. Folia Primatologica 77 (6): 446–464.
Kay, Richard F. 2018. 100 Years of Primate Paleontology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 165 (4): 652–676.
Marivaux, Laurent. 2006. The Eosimiid and Amphipithecid Primates (Anthropoidea) from the Oligocene of the Bugti Hills (Balochistan, Pakistan): New Insight into Early Higher Primate Evolution in South Asia. Palaeovertebrata, Montpellier 34 (1–2): 29–109.
Martin, R. D. 1990. Primate Origins and Evolution, a Phylogenetic Reconstruction. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Rose, Kenneth D., Marc Godinot, and Thomas M. Bown. 1994. The Early Radiation of Euprimates and the Initial Diversification of Omomyidae. In Anthropoid Origins: The Fossil Evidence, edited by John G. Fleagle and Richard F. Kay, 1–28. New York: Plenum Press.
Ross, Callum F. 1999. How to Carry Out Functional Morphology. Evolutionary Anthropology 7 (6): 217–222.
Seiffert, Erik R. 2012. Early Primate Evolution in Afro-Arabia. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 21: 239–253.
Szalay, Frederic S., and Eric Delson. 1979. Evolutionary History of the Primates. New York: Academic Press.
Ungar, Peter S. 2002. Reconstructing the Diets of Fossil Primates. In Reconstructing Behavior in the Primate Fossil Record, edited by Joseph Plavcan, Richard F. Kay, William Jungers, and Carel P. van Schaik, 261–296. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.