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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/07%3A_Stones_and_Bones_-_Studying_the_Fossil_Record/7.07%3A_Key_TermsLaw of Superposition: The scientific law that states that rock and soil are deposited in layers, with the youngest layers on top and the oldest layers on the bottom. Lithification: The process by whic...Law of Superposition: The scientific law that states that rock and soil are deposited in layers, with the youngest layers on top and the oldest layers on the bottom. Lithification: The process by which the pressure of sediments squeeze extra water out of decaying remains and replace the voids that appear with minerals from the surrounding soil and groundwater.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/06%3A_Primate_Ecology_and_Behavior/6.09%3A_Key_TermsIntersexual selection: The selection for traits that enhance the ability of the members of one sex to attract the attention of the other. Parental investment: Any time or energy a parent devotes to th...Intersexual selection: The selection for traits that enhance the ability of the members of one sex to attract the attention of the other. Parental investment: Any time or energy a parent devotes to the current offspring that enhances its survival (and eventual reproductive success) at the expense of the parent’s ability to invest in the next offspring.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/12%3A_Modern_Homo_sapiens/12.01%3A_Defining_ModernityDifferences related to gracility in the cranium are seen in the braincase, the face, and the mandible. This is because the frontal lobe of the modern human brain is larger than the one in archaic huma...Differences related to gracility in the cranium are seen in the braincase, the face, and the mandible. This is because the frontal lobe of the modern human brain is larger than the one in archaic humans, and the skull has to accommodate the expansion. The parietal lobes of the brain and the matching parietal bones on either side of the skull both bulge outward more in modern humans.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/20%3A_Appendix_C_-_Human_Behavioral_Ecology/20.01%3A_Human_Behavioral_EcologyIn cultures with polygynous marriage, the age difference between husbands and wives tends to be larger than it is in monogamous cultures, as the men who are able to attract additional wives tend to ha...In cultures with polygynous marriage, the age difference between husbands and wives tends to be larger than it is in monogamous cultures, as the men who are able to attract additional wives tend to have high status or wealth and are typically older than the women who are available for marriage.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/21%3A_Appendix_D_-_Ancient_DNA/21.01%3A_Sequencing_Ancient_GenomesHigh-coverage sequences are produced when the genome has been sequenced multiple times, which ensures that the sequences are a true reflection of the genomic sequence and not due to errors that occur ...High-coverage sequences are produced when the genome has been sequenced multiple times, which ensures that the sequences are a true reflection of the genomic sequence and not due to errors that occur during the process of sequencing. Because extraction of aDNA requires destruction of part of the tissue, and the morphology of the skeletal element might be informative, care needs to be taken when deciding what is sampled.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/12%3A_Modern_Homo_sapiens/12.06%3A_Conclusion_and_Hominin_Species_SummaryModern Homo sapiens is the species that took the hominin lifestyle the furthest to become the only living member of that lineage. As the brain’s ability increased, it shaped the skull by reducing the ...Modern Homo sapiens is the species that took the hominin lifestyle the furthest to become the only living member of that lineage. As the brain’s ability increased, it shaped the skull by reducing the evolutionary pressure to have large teeth and robust cranial bones to produce the modern Homo sapiens face.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/17%3A_Social_and_Biopolitical_Dimensions_of_Evolutionary_Thinking/17.07%3A_Key_TermsEvo-devo: The study of the origin of form; a contraction of “evolutionary developmental biology.” Extinction: The loss of a species from the face of the earth. Hox genes: A group of related genes that...Evo-devo: The study of the origin of form; a contraction of “evolutionary developmental biology.” Extinction: The loss of a species from the face of the earth. Hox genes: A group of related genes that control for the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis. Natural selection: A consistent bias in survival and fertility, leading to the overrepresentation of certain features in future generations and an improved fit between an average member of the population and the environment.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/16%3A_Contemporary_Topics_-_Human_Biology_and_Health/16.06%3A_Cardiovascular_DiseaseCardiovascular disease (CVD)—which includes coronary heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), and stroke—is the leading cause of death globally, and heart disease remains the number one caus...Cardiovascular disease (CVD)—which includes coronary heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), and stroke—is the leading cause of death globally, and heart disease remains the number one cause of death in the United States (American Heart Association 2018). Diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, a condition in which fat and cholesterol form plaque inside the arteries, eventually building up and hardening to the point that blood flow is blocked.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/16%3A_Contemporary_Topics_-_Human_Biology_and_Health/16.13%3A_Review_QuestionsSeveral risk factors for conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are referred to as “lifestyle factors,” implying these are behavioral choices people make that put them at risk. For exampl...Several risk factors for conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and cancer are referred to as “lifestyle factors,” implying these are behavioral choices people make that put them at risk. For example, how does being a college student influence your eating habits, physical activity patterns, smoking, and consumption of alcohol? Think about how the following industries and institutions might profit from it: The medical establishment?
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/14%3A_Human_Variation_-_An_Adaptive_Significance_Approach/14.04%3A_Review_QuestionsSpecifically, what was the selective pressure that may have led to a preference for a specific trait and how is that trait related to an increased level of fitness? Why is reduced pigmentation of the ...Specifically, what was the selective pressure that may have led to a preference for a specific trait and how is that trait related to an increased level of fitness? Why is reduced pigmentation of the skin advantageous for individuals from northern latitudes? Compare and contrast the various genetic mutations of the indigenous Tibetan and Ethiopian high-altitude populations. What is the relationship between the sickle cell mutation and the Plasmodium parasite?
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Biological_Anthropology/EXPLORATIONS%3A_An_Open_Invitation_to_Biological_Anthropology_2e/20%3A_Appendix_C_-_Human_Behavioral_Ecology/20.05%3A_Review_QuestionsIn human behavioral ecology, human behavior is the result of the interaction among which two factors? What are the three main explanations for why people in small-scale societies share food extensivel...In human behavioral ecology, human behavior is the result of the interaction among which two factors? What are the three main explanations for why people in small-scale societies share food extensively? Describe the difference between a proximate and an ultimate explanation and include an example of each. What are two misconceptions about human behavioral ecology? What contemporary world issues can human behavioral ecology help us solve?
