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10.7: Key Terms

  • Page ID
    200442
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    anorexia nervosa
    eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise
    bariatric surgery
    type of surgery that modifies the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed
    basolateral complex
    part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory
    binge eating disorder
    type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating and associated distress
    bisexual
    emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to those of the same gender or to those of another gender
    body language
    emotional expression through body position or movement
    bulimia nervosa
    type of eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging
    Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
    physiological arousal and emotional experience occur at the same time
    central nucleus
    part of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems’ activity
    cognitive-mediational theory
    our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus
    components of emotion
    physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience
    cultural display rule
    one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable
    distorted body image
    individuals view themselves as overweight even though they are not
    drive theory
    deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis
    emotion
    subjective state of being often described as feelings
    excitement
    phase of the sexual response cycle that involves sexual arousal
    extrinsic motivation
    motivation that arises from external factors or rewards
    facial feedback hypothesis
    facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions
    gender dysphoria
    diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who experience enduring distress as a result of their gender identity not aligning with their sex assigned at birth
    gender identity
    individual’s sense of being male, female, neither of these, both of these, or another gender
    habit
    pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage
    heterosexual
    emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attractions to opposite-sex individuals
    hierarchy of needs
    spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization
    instinct
    species-specific pattern of behavior that is unlearned
    intrinsic motivation
    motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards
    James-Lange theory of emotion
    emotions arise from physiological arousal
    leptin
    satiety hormone
    metabolic rate
    amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time
    morbid obesity
    adult with a BMI over 40
    motivation
    wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal
    obese
    adult with a BMI of 30 or higher
    orgasm
    peak phase of the sexual response cycle associated with rhythmic muscle contractions (and ejaculation)
    overweight
    adult with a BMI between 25 and 29.9
    plateau
    phase of the sexual response cycle that falls between excitement and orgasm
    polygraph
    lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions
    refractory period
    time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm
    resolution
    phase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state
    satiation
    fullness; satisfaction
    Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion
    emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive
    self-efficacy
    individual’s belief in their own capabilities or capacities to complete a task
    set point theory
    assertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change
    sexual orientation
    emotional, romantic, and/or erotic attraction to other people or no people
    sexual response cycle
    divided into 4 phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
    transgender hormone therapy
    use of hormones to make one’s body look more like a different sex or gender
    Yerkes-Dodson law
    simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower

    This page titled 10.7: Key Terms is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax.

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