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14.7: Key Terms

  • Page ID
    200495
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    Americans with Disabilities Act
    employers cannot discriminate against any individual based on a disability
    bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ)
    requirement of certain occupations for which denying an individual employment would otherwise violate the law, such as requirements concerning religion or sex
    checklist
    method used to reduce workplace accidents
    diversity training
    training employees about cultural differences with the goal of improving teamwork
    downsizing
    process in which an organization tries to achieve greater overall efficiency by reducing the number of employees
    Hawthorne effect
    increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors
    human factors psychology
    branch of psychology that studies how workers interact with the tools of work and how to design those tools to optimize workers’ productivity, safety, and health
    immutable characteristic
    traits that employers cannot use to discriminate in hiring, benefits, promotions, or termination; these traits are fundamental to one’s personal identity (e.g. skin color and hair texture)
    industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology
    field in psychology that applies scientific principles to the study of work and the workplace
    industrial psychology
    branch of psychology that studies job characteristics, applicant characteristics, and how to match them; also studies employee training and performance appraisal
    job analysis
    determining and listing tasks associated with a particular job
    job satisfaction
    degree of pleasure that employees derive from their job
    organizational culture
    values, visions, hierarchies, norms and interactions between its employees; how an organization is run, how it operates, and how it makes decisions
    organizational psychology
    branch of psychology that studies the interactions between people working in organizations and the effects of those interactions on productivity
    performance appraisal
    evaluation of an employee’s success or lack of success at performing the duties of the job
    procedural justice
    fairness by which means are used to achieve results in an organization
    scientific management
    theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows with the main objective of improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity
    sexual harassment
    sexually-based behavior that is knowingly unwanted and has an adverse effect of a person’s employment status, interferes with a person’s job performance, or creates a hostile or intimidating work environment
    telecommuting
    employees’ ability to set their own hours allowing them to work from home at different parts of the day
    Theory X
    assumes workers are inherently lazy and unproductive; managers must have control and use punishments
    Theory Y
    assumes workers are people who seek to work hard and productively; managers and workers can find creative solutions to problems; workers do not need to be controlled and punished
    transactional leadership style
    characteristic of leaders who focus on supervision and organizational goals achieved through a system of rewards and punishments; maintenance of the organizational status quo
    transformational leadership style
    characteristic of leaders who are charismatic role models, inspirational, intellectually stimulating, and individually considerate and who seek to change the organization
    U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
    responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person’s race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy), national origin, age (40 or older), disability, or genetic information
    work team
    group of people within an organization or company given a specific task to achieve together
    work–family balance
    occurs when people juggle the demands of work life with the demands of family life
    workplace violence
    violence or the threat of violence against workers; can occur inside or outside the workplace

    This page titled 14.7: Key Terms is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax.

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