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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)World Geographies: A Critical Introduction was designed to serve as a foundational resource for students taking World Regional Geography courses. It is a peer-reviewed textbook that was curated and au...World Geographies: A Critical Introduction was designed to serve as a foundational resource for students taking World Regional Geography courses. It is a peer-reviewed textbook that was curated and authored by diverse geography educators, as part of the efforts of the Open Educational Resources Initiative (OERI) of the Academic Senate of California Community Colleges (ASCCC). This book uses ASCCC’s Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Antiracism framework and a critical geography lens.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/08%3A_East_and_Southeast_Asia/8.02%3A_Indigenous_Worlds-_Migration_and_Ancient_CivilizationsSoutheast Asia is a region with diverse landforms and a rich cultural history, dating back to ancient times, with migration and cultural exchanges shaping its development and connections with neighbor...Southeast Asia is a region with diverse landforms and a rich cultural history, dating back to ancient times, with migration and cultural exchanges shaping its development and connections with neighboring regions like East Asia and the Pacific. Colonialism had a profound and enduring impact on the region, altering borders, development, and ethnic relations.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/08%3A_East_and_Southeast_Asia/8.01%3A_Natural_EnvironmentsThe region of East and Southeast Asia is characterized by a complex landscape with mountain ranges, deserts, and rivers. The physical barriers, such as the Altay Mountains, the Gobi Desert, and the Hi...The region of East and Southeast Asia is characterized by a complex landscape with mountain ranges, deserts, and rivers. The physical barriers, such as the Altay Mountains, the Gobi Desert, and the Himalayas, separate the region from neighboring areas. The Yangtze, Huang He, and Mekong rivers have played a crucial role in supporting ancient cultures and modern societies through irrigation, transportation, and hydropower.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/08%3A_East_and_Southeast_Asia/8.04%3A_Paradigm_Shifts_Industries_Governance_ImperialismEast and Southeast Asia has experienced significant political changes, with some countries adopting communism, such as China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, while others, like Japan and South Korea, embraced ...East and Southeast Asia has experienced significant political changes, with some countries adopting communism, such as China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, while others, like Japan and South Korea, embraced Westernization. Economic development in East and Southeast Asia has been driven by global trade, with China and Japan as major players, and the Four Asian Tigers (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan) experiencing rapid industrialization.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/08%3A_East_and_Southeast_AsiaIn grouping East and Southeast Asia together as a collective for this chapter, the region will illustrate similarities that connect the region and highlight the importance in distinguishing the many d...In grouping East and Southeast Asia together as a collective for this chapter, the region will illustrate similarities that connect the region and highlight the importance in distinguishing the many defining attributes of both that makeup the vast region.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/03%3A_Africa_South_of_the_Sahara/3.02%3A_Indigenous_Worlds-_Pre-Colonial_Civilizations_and_Reclaiming_IndependenceHumans originated in East Africa and migrated out of the African continent approximately 60,000 years ago. Various great ancient kingdoms and empires thrived through trade and control of resources.The...Humans originated in East Africa and migrated out of the African continent approximately 60,000 years ago. Various great ancient kingdoms and empires thrived through trade and control of resources.Their wealth fueled European economies and sparked a desire to establish direct access to Africa, leading to the exploration and colonization of the continent, resulting in arbitrary boundaries that disrupted local cultures, access to resources, and political organization.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/03%3A_Africa_South_of_the_Sahara/3.01%3A_Africa's_Natural_EnvironmentsAfrica is the second largest continent and is with two-thirds of its land area situated north of the equator. The major biomes in Africa include tropical rainforests, savannas, and deserts. The highla...Africa is the second largest continent and is with two-thirds of its land area situated north of the equator. The major biomes in Africa include tropical rainforests, savannas, and deserts. The highlands and volcanic mountains, particularly in East Africa, contribute to the continent's diverse ecosystems and are associated with the Great Rift Valley, which is characterized by lakes, valleys, and fertile volcanic soils.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/03%3A_Africa_South_of_the_SaharaNote how the Sahel is the distinguishing transition between Africa North and South of the Sahara - the regions in the North and the extensive Sahara Desert are considered part of Southwest Asia and No...Note how the Sahel is the distinguishing transition between Africa North and South of the Sahara - the regions in the North and the extensive Sahara Desert are considered part of Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA), discussed in Chapter 4.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/03%3A_Africa_South_of_the_Sahara/3.05%3A_The_Ongoing_Scramble_for_AfricaOur conventional ways of measuring poverty tend to underestimate Africa and decontextualize it from its long legacy of exploitation from the outside world. In this section, we discuss the ongoing scra...Our conventional ways of measuring poverty tend to underestimate Africa and decontextualize it from its long legacy of exploitation from the outside world. In this section, we discuss the ongoing scramble for Africa describing the colonial roots of Africa's extractive economies and authoritarian regimes. We then introduce how contemporary relationships with the outside world continue to be uneven with the added burden of climate change.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/08%3A_East_and_Southeast_Asia/8.03%3A_Cultural_Hearths_Diversity_and_ResilienceThe collective region of East and Southeast Asia has a large and diverse population, with over 1.7 billion people in East Asia and over 650 million people in Southeast Asia. The region has a rich cult...The collective region of East and Southeast Asia has a large and diverse population, with over 1.7 billion people in East Asia and over 650 million people in Southeast Asia. The region has a rich cultural history, with contributions including inventions like silk, ink, and kites from ancient China. Language in the region is diverse, with over 700 languages spoken, and various religions are practiced, including Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and local animism.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Geography_(Human)/World_Geographies%3A_A_Critical_Introduction_(Aline_Gregorio_Nazanin_Naraghi_Jason_Scott_Waverly_Ray)/08%3A_East_and_Southeast_Asia/8.05%3A_Tourism_the_Informal_Sector_and_DependencyThe impact of tourism in East and Southeast Asia is explored in terms of economic dependency, migration, cultural appropriation, and exploitation. The region has experienced a significant influx of to...The impact of tourism in East and Southeast Asia is explored in terms of economic dependency, migration, cultural appropriation, and exploitation. The region has experienced a significant influx of tourists, contributing to rising costs of living and a potential threat to stability. The informal sector, including human trafficking and the drug trade, poses challenges to regional security and well-being.
