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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/12%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/12.03%3A_Differences_of_Sexual_DevelopmentOccasionally during sperm formation, the SRY gene can cross over from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome. (Gene cross over regularly occurs between the 22 autosomes during the formation of gametes, ...Occasionally during sperm formation, the SRY gene can cross over from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome. (Gene cross over regularly occurs between the 22 autosomes during the formation of gametes, but usually does not occur between the X and Y chromosomes, since they do not have the same genes.) If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome that has lost its SRY gene fertilizes an egg, although chromosomally genetically male (XY), the resulting embryo will not form testes and consequently will not deve…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/12%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/12.05%3A_Sexual_OrientationA review of biological origins for both sexual orientation and gender identity concludes that "multidisciplinary evidence reveals that ... sexual orientation and gender identity are conferred ... duri...A review of biological origins for both sexual orientation and gender identity concludes that "multidisciplinary evidence reveals that ... sexual orientation and gender identity are conferred ... during the first half of pregnancy" and that "multiple layers of evidence confirm that sexual orientation and gender identity are as biological, innate and immutable as the other traits conferred during that critical time in gestation" (O'Hanlan et al., 2018).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/12%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/12.04%3A_GenderAn example of conflicting brain and body organization comes from a study which found that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST, an area located near the hypothalamus that is known to be impor...An example of conflicting brain and body organization comes from a study which found that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST, an area located near the hypothalamus that is known to be important for sexual behavior) was "female-like" in size (smaller than cisgender males and similar to cisgender females) in the brains of six male-to-female trans individuals.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Cosumnes_River_College/PSYC_312%3A_Biological_Psychology_Fall_'24_(Bahm)/13%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/13.05%3A_Sexual_OrientationA review of biological origins for both sexual orientation and gender identity concludes that "multidisciplinary evidence reveals that ... sexual orientation and gender identity are conferred ... duri...A review of biological origins for both sexual orientation and gender identity concludes that "multidisciplinary evidence reveals that ... sexual orientation and gender identity are conferred ... during the first half of pregnancy" and that "multiple layers of evidence confirm that sexual orientation and gender identity are as biological, innate and immutable as the other traits conferred during that critical time in gestation" (O'Hanlan et al., 2018).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/12%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/12.01%3A_Sex_Hormones_Sexual_Motivation_and_Reproductive_BehaviorsThis section of the chapter discusses the relationship between biological sex and hormones (including organizational and activational effects and the maturation of the reproductive systems), sexual be...This section of the chapter discusses the relationship between biological sex and hormones (including organizational and activational effects and the maturation of the reproductive systems), sexual behavior (including physiological mechanisms and motivation), sexuality and the brain, and parental behavior (including hormone effects and a comparative analysis of maternal behavior between rats and humans).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/12%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/12.02%3A_Sexual_Development_Anatomy_and_PhysiologyThe vulva includes the clitoris, which is homologous to the male penis (the erectile tissues of the penis and clitoris are colored dark green and light green in Figure \PageIndex4 and Figure \(\...The vulva includes the clitoris, which is homologous to the male penis (the erectile tissues of the penis and clitoris are colored dark green and light green in Figure \PageIndex4 and Figure \PageIndex5), and the two pairs of labia (singular, labium), which surround and protect the openings of the urethra and vagina.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/04%3A_Nervous_System_Anatomy/4.01%3A_Nervous_System_TissueThe bipolar cells of the retina are an intermediate layer of neurons between the deepest layer, the visual receptors (photoreceptors, comprised of the rods and cones), and the retinal ganglion cells, ...The bipolar cells of the retina are an intermediate layer of neurons between the deepest layer, the visual receptors (photoreceptors, comprised of the rods and cones), and the retinal ganglion cells, the most superficial layer of retinal neurons, whose axons bundle together to form the optic nerve (see the chapter on sensory systems for more information).
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/Psyc_310%3A_Biological_Psychology_(Keys)/04%3A_Nervous_System_Anatomy/4.03%3A_Nervous_System_DevelopmentThe other two types both involve the formation of a cyst—a fluid-filled sac of the connective tissues that cover the spinal cord called the meninges. “Meningocele” means that the meninges protrude thr...The other two types both involve the formation of a cyst—a fluid-filled sac of the connective tissues that cover the spinal cord called the meninges. “Meningocele” means that the meninges protrude through the spinal column but nerves may not be involved and few symptoms are present, though complications may arise later in life. “Myelomeningocele” means that the meninges protrude and spinal nerves are involved, and therefore severe neurological symptoms can be present.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Biological_Psychology/Biopsychology_(OERI)_-_DRAFT_for_Review/04%3A_Nervous_System_Anatomy/4.04%3A_The_Central_Nervous_SystemGiven the importance of speech, manual dexterity, and face-to-face social interactions in human beings, it is not surprising that relatively large areas of the brain are needed to relay sensation from...Given the importance of speech, manual dexterity, and face-to-face social interactions in human beings, it is not surprising that relatively large areas of the brain are needed to relay sensation from these body parts. (There is a similarly odd-looking representation of voluntary motor functions called the motor homunculus that is located in the primary motor cortex, an area in the frontal lobe of the brain.) The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and is part of the central nervo…
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Biological_Psychology/Biopsychology_(OERI)_-_DRAFT_for_Review/13%3A_Sexuality_and_Sexual_Development/13.04%3A_GenderAn example of conflicting brain and body organization comes from a study which found that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST, an area located near the hypothalamus that is known to be impor...An example of conflicting brain and body organization comes from a study which found that the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST, an area located near the hypothalamus that is known to be important for sexual behavior) was "female-like" in size (smaller than cisgender males and similar to cisgender females) in the brains of six male-to-female transsexuals.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Heritage_University/Brain_and_Behavior/03%3A_The_Nervous_System/3.02%3A_The_Peripheral_Nervous_SystemThis module discusses the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in greater depth, including nervous tissues, the two major systems the PNS divides into (the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous ...This module discusses the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in greater depth, including nervous tissues, the two major systems the PNS divides into (the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system), names and functions of the twelve cranial nerves, and characteristics of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
