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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Heritage_University/Introductory_Psychology_-_Heritage_University/01%3A_Week_1_-_Introduction_to_Psychology/1.02%3A_Class_Day_1.2/1.2.01%3A_Analyzing_FindingsHow do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means...How do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Introductory_Psychology_1e_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Psychological_Research/2.04%3A_Analyzing_FindingsHow do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means...How do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Hawaii_Maui_College/UHMC%3A_PSY_212_-_Research_Methods_(Thornton)/01%3A_The_Science_of_Psychology/1.5%3A_Science_and_Common_SenseSome people wonder whether the scientific approach to psychology is necessary. Can we not reach the same conclusions based on common sense or intuition? Certainly we all have intuitive beliefs about p...Some people wonder whether the scientific approach to psychology is necessary. Can we not reach the same conclusions based on common sense or intuition? Certainly we all have intuitive beliefs about people’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings—and these beliefs are collectively referred to as folk psychology. Although much of our folk psychology is probably reasonably accurate, it is clear that much of it is not.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Research_Methods_and_Statistics/Research_Methods_in_Psychology_(Jhangiani_Chiang_Cuttler_and_Leighton)/01%3A_The_Science_of_Psychology/1.05%3A_Science_and_Common_SenseSome people wonder whether the scientific approach to psychology is necessary. Can we not reach the same conclusions based on common sense or intuition? Certainly we all have intuitive beliefs about p...Some people wonder whether the scientific approach to psychology is necessary. Can we not reach the same conclusions based on common sense or intuition? Certainly we all have intuitive beliefs about people’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings—and these beliefs are collectively referred to as folk psychology. Although much of our folk psychology is probably reasonably accurate, it is clear that much of it is not.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Madera_Community_College/General_Psychology/07%3A_Cognition-_Thinking_Intelligence_and_Language/7.04%3A_Problem_SolvingWhen you are presented with a problem—whether it is a complex mathematical problem or a broken printer, how do you solve it? Before finding a solution to the problem, the problem must first be clearly...When you are presented with a problem—whether it is a complex mathematical problem or a broken printer, how do you solve it? Before finding a solution to the problem, the problem must first be clearly identified. After that, one of many problem solving strategies can be applied, hopefully resulting in a solution. A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have different action plans associated with them. For example, a well-known strategy is tri
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/City_Colleges_of_Chicago/Introduction_to_Psychology-PSYC201/06%3A_Thinking_and_Intelligence/6.03%3A_Problem_SolvingWhen you are presented with a problem—whether it is a complex mathematical problem or a broken printer, how do you solve it? Before finding a solution to the problem, the problem must first be clearly...When you are presented with a problem—whether it is a complex mathematical problem or a broken printer, how do you solve it? Before finding a solution to the problem, the problem must first be clearly identified. After that, one of many problem solving strategies can be applied, hopefully resulting in a solution. A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have different action plans associated with them. For example, a well-known strategy is tri
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Butte_College/Exploring_Intercultural_Communication_(Grothe)/07%3A_Barriers_to_Intercultural_Communication/7.01%3A_Ethnocentrism_and_StereotypesIn support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronson’s research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate...In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronson’s research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being “diagnostic of their mathematical ability” (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as “an exercise in problem solving.” And in another study, …
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/Leeward_Community_College/PSY_100_Biddle/Book%3A_Introductory_Psychology_(OpenStax)/10%3A_Social_Psychology/10.5%3A_Prejudice_and_DiscriminationHuman conflict can result in crime, war, and mass murder, such as genocide. Prejudice and discrimination often are root causes of human conflict, which explains how strangers come to hate one another ...Human conflict can result in crime, war, and mass murder, such as genocide. Prejudice and discrimination often are root causes of human conflict, which explains how strangers come to hate one another to the extreme of causing others harm. Prejudice and discrimination affect everyone. In this section we will examine the definitions of prejudice and discrimination, examples of these concepts, and causes of these biases.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.09%3A_Belief_Perseverance_BiasBelief perseverance bias occurs when individuals cling to their initial beliefs despite clear evidence to the contrary. This cognitive bias frustrates skeptics who present sound arguments to persuade ...Belief perseverance bias occurs when individuals cling to their initial beliefs despite clear evidence to the contrary. This cognitive bias frustrates skeptics who present sound arguments to persuade others, yet fail to change beliefs. Rooted in confirmation bias, belief perseverance arises from a desire for certainty and linear knowledge. People prefer consistency and resist acknowledging errors, as the effort to reassess and integrate new information is daunting.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology/Cognitive_Psychology_(Andrade_and_Walker)/09%3A_Decision_Making/9.08%3A_Confirmation_BiasConfirmation bias is a tendency to process information in a way that aligns with existing beliefs, often leading to poor judgments, belief justifications, and hostile reactions toward dissent. It can ...Confirmation bias is a tendency to process information in a way that aligns with existing beliefs, often leading to poor judgments, belief justifications, and hostile reactions toward dissent. It can result in stereotype perpetuation or inaccurate diagnoses. While generally viewed negatively, the Argumentative Theory suggests it aids in constructing persuasive arguments by avoiding distractions.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Psychology/Introductory_Psychology/Introductory_Psychology_2e_(OpenStax)/02%3A_Psychological_Research/2.04%3A_Analyzing_FindingsHow do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means...How do we determine if there is indeed a relationship between two things? And when there is a relationship, how can we discern whether it is attributable to coincidence or causation? Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other.
