6: Migration
- Page ID
- 407532
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Introduction
Migration has shaped human societies throughout history, as people have moved in response to environmental change, economic opportunities, political conditions, and social forces. Today, globalization has made migration increasingly interconnected across local, regional, national, and international levels. This chapter explores why people move, where they go, and how migration transforms both the places people leave and the communities where they settle.
- Describe major historical patterns of human migration and explain how geography, climate, and environmental change have influenced human movement.
- Differentiate among major forms of migration, including international, interregional, and intraregional migration, and correctly apply terms such as immigrant, emigrant, and net migration.
- Analyze global, national, regional, and local migration patterns and identify the economic, social, and political factors that shape where and why people move.
- Explain how demographic transitions, globalization, culture, economic opportunities, and government policies influence migration and affect both sending and receiving societies.
Let's revisit the example we used in the introduction to the previous chapter. Think your regular cup of coffee simply comes from the grocery store? Think again. That everyday cup tells a much bigger story, one that includes migration, labor, and global connections. Coffee production is highly seasonal and depends heavily on workers moving to where jobs are available. Across coffee-growing regions of Central and South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, seasonal and internal migration brings workers from rural communities to coffee-producing areas during harvest periods. And the movement does not stop there. From harvesting and processing to packaging, transportation, ports, warehouses, cafés, restaurants, and finally our homes, coffee passes through the hands of people across multiple places and countries.
So, the next time you pick up your morning cup, consider this: coffee doesn’t just travel; people move to make that journey possible. Your everyday cup of coffee is a small window into the much larger story of migration and globalization.
- 6.1: Definitions and Data
- This page discusses the various forms of migration, including interregional, intraregional, and international, classifying individuals as immigrants or emigrants. It highlights the importance of net migration and varying data sources by country. Key patterns include short-distance moves, economic motivations, and the impact of skilled migrants.
- 6.2: Global, National, Regional, and Local Patterns
- This page explores global migration patterns, noting that 3.4% of the population resides outside their birth country, impacting culture and economies. It highlights increased migration from Europe and Asia due to economic opportunities and discusses intra-regional movements within Europe and significant immigration flows to the U.S., marked by historical phases influenced by industrialization and exclusionary laws.
- 6.3: Demographic Transition, Migration, and Political Policy
- This page discusses the impact of demographic factors on the relationship between population structure and migration. Emigration is common in late stage 2 or early stage 3 countries, while late stage 4 or stage 5 countries tend to attract immigrants, providing economic advantages for both sending and receiving nations.
- 6.4: Migration in The Twenty-First Century
- Globalization has increased global connections, but most people still live in their country of birth, showing that human mobility remains more limited than the movement of goods and information. Twenty-first-century migration has become more diverse in its origins and destinations, aided by faster transportation and communication technologies.
- 6.5: References
- This page offers a compilation of references on contemporary migration, highlighting its complexities. It covers historical migrations, immigration policies, statistical trends, and the socio-economic impacts of immigration. The sources address issues like refugee challenges, immigrant entrepreneurship, and government responses to migration crises, providing valuable insights for further exploration of this multifaceted topic.
- 6.6: Student Resources
- This page provides key learning resources for students, including important terms, review questions, and suggestions for further study to support understanding of the chapter’s main ideas about global institutions and organizations.
Attribution
Thumbnail: “Celebrate 300 000 years of human migration” by Evelyn Simak, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0