4.4: Test Bank
- Page ID
- 144467
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Multiple-Choice
1. Language is one of the more conspicuous expressions of culture.
*a. True
b. False
2. The study of language and its structure is:
*a. Linguistics
b. Denotation
c. Determinism
d. Jargon
3. Which area of linguistics includes the study of language in context?
a. Phonetics
b. Syntax
c. Semantics
*d. Pragmatics
4. This aspect of linguistics focuses on the structure of sentences.
a. Phonology
b. Morphology
*c. Syntax
d. Pragmatics
5. All languages have a written form.
a. True
*b. False
6. A variety of a language that is used by a particular group of speakers, defined normally regionally, but could be related to social class or ethnicity, is known as:
a. Lingua franca
*b. Dialect
c. Pragmatics
d. Proto-language
7. Languages within the same family derive from a common ancestor, called a:
a. Lingua franca
b. Dialect
c. Pragmatics
*d. Proto-language
8. The _____ meaning of “home” is a place of security, comfort, and family.
*a. Connotative
b. Denotative
c. Argot
d. Performative
9. The denotative meaning is the common meaning, often found in the dictionary.
*a. True
b. False
10. AWOL is short for "absent without leave." AWOL is military ____ used to describe a person whose whereabouts are unknown.
a. Dialect
*b. Jargon
c. Argot
d. Denotation
11. ______ are speakers of multiple languages and are motivated to learn as many languages as possible.
*a. Polyglots
b. Bilinguals
c. Multilinguals
d. Monolinguals
12. Less verbally explicit communication and less written/formal information are characteristics of ________ cultures.
*a. High context
b. Low context
c. Elaborate
d. Understated
13. “Say what you mean” and “Don’t beat around the bush” are mottos from _____ cultures.
a. Instrumental
b. Affective
c. High context
*d. Low context
14. In direct cultures, such as those in Latin America, business conversations may start with discussions of the weather, or family, or topics other than business as the partners gain a sense of each other, long before the topic of business is raised.
a. True
*b. False
15. This style is more receiver oriented thus placing more responsibility on the listener.
a. Instrumental
*b. Affective
c. Elaborate
d. Understated
16. English is the official language of the United States.
a. True
*b. False
17. If I say, “Close the window” my meaning is quite clear. However, if I were to ask, “Is anyone else cold in here?” the message is more ambiguous demonstrating what variation in communication style?
*a. Direct-Indirect
b. Elaborate-Understated
c. Personal-Contextual
d. Instrumental-Affective
18. Adopting the language of dominant group members while maintaining a unique linguistic identity is referred to as:
a. Standard English
b. Language adaptation
c. Linguistic mixing
*d. Code-switching
19. ________ claims that there is an ideal time window for acquiring language, namely as children or adolescents.
*a. Critical Period Hypothesis
b. Bilingual Adaptation Theory
c. Monolingual Hypothesis
d. Linguistic Acquisition Theory
20. Of the more than 6000 languages currently spoken in the world today how many of them are threatened (less than 1000 current speakers)?
a. 4000
b. 3000
*c. 2000
d. 1000
Type E
Short-Answer
1. Explain the difference between linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity.
2. How does second (or multi) language acquisition change one's perception of language and culture?
3. What does silence communicate in the U.S.? How might these meanings differ in other cultures? Make sure to provide specific examples in your response.
Essay
1. How has the prominence of English as a global language shifted? What does this mean for how and where English is taught? What implications does this have on native English speakers?