7.4: Test Bank
- Page ID
- 144517
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Multiple-Choice
1. The Mercator projection creates increasing distortions of size as you move away from the equator. As you get closer to the poles the distortion becomes severe. The use of these kinds of maps is an example of:
*a. Ethnocentrism
b. Egocentrism
c. Stereotyping
d. Cultural misunderstanding
2. People with the best intentions sometimes travel to a society to “help” its people, because they see them as uneducated or backward—essentially inferior. In reality, these travelers are guilty of:
a. Linearity
b. Stereotyping
c. Cultural appropriation
*d. Cultural imperialism
3. Perception is the process of selecting stimuli from our environment, categorizing that stimuli, and then interpreting it.
*a. True
b. False
4. When we _________, we replace human complexities of personality with broad assumptions about character and worth based on social group affiliation.
a. Perception
*b. Stereotype
c. Gaslight
d. Ethnocentrism
5. We seek out information that supports our stereotypes and ignore information that is inconsistent with our stereotypes in a process known as:
a. Ethnocentrism
b. Self-fulfilling prophecy
*c. Confirmation bias
d. Stereotype lift
6. Discrimination is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group, such as gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, social class, religion, sexual orientation, profession, and many more.
a. True
*b. False
7. An _______ is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
a. Egogroup
b. Outgroup
c. Agroup
*d. Ingroup
8. ________ is the act of blaming a subordinate group when the dominant group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.
a. Authoritarianism
b. Social learning
*c. Scapegoating
d. Domination
9. The tendency for competing groups to perceive the other group extremely and unrealistically negatively is known as:
a. Ingroup favoritism
*b. Ultimate attribution error
c. Authoritarianism
d. Prejudice
10. ________ is a type of prejudice that is used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others.
*a. Racism
b. Sexism
c. Heterosexism
d. Ageism
11. This kind of discrimination includes a common attitude toward older adults as incompetent, physically weak, and slow.
a. Racism
b. Heterosexism
*c. Ageism
d. Sexism
12. This type of discrimination does not just affect a few isolated individuals, instead, it affects large numbers of individuals simply because of their race, gender, ability, or other group affiliation.
a. Individual discrimination
*b. Institutional discrimination
c. Cultural discrimination
d. Multiple discrimination
13. Residential segregation includes mortgage rejections and redlining. These practices are examples of institutional discrimination in:
a. Criminal justice
b. Health care
*c. Housing
d. Employment
14. People of color have higher rates of disease and illness than whites, due in large part to institutional discrimination based on race and ethnicity.
*a. True
b. False
15. Skin color is one of the more disturbing, largely unexamined, and persistent social constructs that perpetuate discrimination and divide power.
*a. True
b. False
16. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. This cycle is referred to as:
a. Ethnocentrism
*b. Self-fulfilling prophecy
c. Confirmation bias
d. Stereotype lift
17. Implicit association procedures such as the IAT show that participants who claim that they are not prejudiced do not hold cultural stereotypes about social groups.
a. True
*b. False
18. Because we often feel a strong sense of belonging and emotional connection to those who are like us we develop:
*a. Ingroup favoritism
b. Ultimate attribution error
c. Authoritarianism
d. Prejudice
19. ________ is a personality dimension that characterizes people who prefer things to be simple rather than complex and who tend to hold traditional and conventional values.
a. Ingroup favoritism
b. Ultimate attribution error
*c. Authoritarianism
d. Prejudice
20. The fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin in February 2012 was a deadly example of:
*a. Individual discrimination
b. Institutional discrimination
c. Cultural discrimination
d. Multiple discrimination
Type: E
Short Answer
1. What is stereotype threat? How does it help explain poor performance amongst groups targeted by negative stereotypes?
2. Stereotypes and prejudices often operate out of our awareness and people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them. Explain what methods social psychologists developed for assessing them indirectly.
3. What is white privilege? How does it manifest in the lives of “white” people? How does it affect people of color?
Essay
1. How are maps ethnocentric? Why did the Mercfator projection persist for so long? Do you think it has been resolved? Why or why not? What can we do to rectify this misperception?