1.7: Student Resources
- Page ID
- 178436
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Key Terms/Glossary
- Acid rain: toxic rain that consists of nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, which is generally derived from burning coal.
- Area studies: similar to International Studies, though it is a more traditional method where the comparison of countries is organized geographically.
- Connectivity: the characteristic, condition, or capacity of being linked or interconnected.
- Cosmopolitan governance: where individuals embrace the concept of holding multiple citizenships, signifying their affiliation with various political entities that hold substantial influence over them.
- Cultural regions: refer to groups of individuals united by shared language, religion, and heritage within a specific geographic zone.
- Global: denotes a broader and a more comprehensive perspective of the world
- Global citizenship: the belief that individuals possess an obligation to individuals beyond their own nation due to their common humanity.
- Global consciousness: A global mindset where the welfare of individuals far away should garner the same attention from ordinary individuals as the welfare of their immediate neighbors.
- Globalism: the world is characterized as being in a state of interdependence that crosses continents, fueled by linkages that emerge from the flow of goods, services, money, ideas, and information.
- Globality: when a global society exists marked by intricate worldwide economic, political, cultural, and environmental interrelations and movements, rendering many of the existing borders and limits largely inconsequential.
- Globalization: the acceleration and intensification of global interconnectivity, interdependence, and integration processes.
- Global Studies: a comprehensive research area aimed at fostering a deep understanding of the effects of globalization on societies, cultures, and environments worldwide.
- Glocalization: the adaptation of global products, services, or ideas to suit local contexts, resulting in a fusion of global and local elements.
- Integration: to shape, synchronize, or merge into a functional or cohesive entirety.
- Interdependence: a condition where two or more entities, individuals, or systems rely on each other.
- Interdisciplinary (approach): aligns connections across disciplines to create a unified and cohesive field of study.
- International Relations: the study of political engagements among countries, centered on diplomacy and foreign policy considerations.
- International Studies: the examinations of the interactions between two or more states, as well as comparing and identifying commonalities among these states.
- Intersectionality: how various systems of inequality can converge to create distinct and intertwined outcomes.
- Irregular migrants: people who travel to a country outside regular rules or norms, or without permission of the host government.
- Mass migration: the movement of substantial populations from one geographical region to another.
- Multidisciplinary (approach): incorporates multiple perspectives, concepts, frameworks, and methodological approaches to study complex global phenomena.
- Transdisciplinary (approach): embeds a perspective, concept, framework, or methodological approach from one discipline into another.
- Transnational Studies: focused on the movement of people, ideas and goods across national boundaries and cultural regions.
- World federalism: a movement with the objective of establishing a federal world government.
- World government: the concept of a unified global human community governed by a shared common political authority.
Summaries
1.1: Introduction to Global Studies and Globalization
Global Studies is a comprehensive research area aimed at fostering a deeper understanding of the effects of globalization. This encompasses global social, political, economic, and environmental systems. The primary objective of this Introduction to Global Studies OER textbook is to prepare students for future endeavors in global activities. This is achieved through comprehensive exploration of various subjects, including other cultures, world history, political and economic systems, global geography and environment, cross-cultural communication, and conflict resolution.
1.2: How did the Field of Global Studies Develop?
In Global Studies, the emphasis is on the global, or a broader and more comprehensive perspective of the world. Additionally, there exists the field of international studies, which is not necessarily global in its examinations. Likewise, there are area studies programs which incorporate comparisons of states often organized geographically. Global Studies differs from International Relations, which involves political interactions between two or more countries. International Relations centers on diplomacy and foreign policy. Finally, there is transnational studies, which focuses more on the movement of people, goods, and ideas across borders. This then necessitates distinguishing 'global' from 'transnational'. Essentially, anything that is global is inherently transnational, whereas not everything that is transnational is global. This distinction is not just academic as classifying an event, such as the spread of COVID-19, as a global or transnational event has important consequences. This discussion contextualizes the globalizing of curricula in higher education, where the California State University and University of California systems now offer advanced degrees in Global Studies, or at have at least incorporated a Global Studies component into various degrees.
1.3: The Essence of Global Studies - Globalization
Globalization in its essence involves three characteristics: connectivity, interdependence, and integration. Each of these concepts is integral to the understanding of globalization as all three processes are occurring, though each process’s presence, speed and intensity vary by location. Thus, globalization is defined as the acceleration and intensification of global interconnectivity, interdependence, and integration processes. This differs from globality or globalism, which is a logical conclusion or condition of the processes of globalization. A condition of globality would see the development of a global consciousness, which then engenders discussions about world federalism and cosmopolitan governance. It also includes conversations about mass migration and how migrants, both regular and irregular, could be part of a growing identity of global citizenship.
1.4: How to Approach Global Studies
Global Studies can be approached from three different approaches - multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary. These approaches to Global Studies can help us when reading about various global issues, problems, and challenges. A multidisciplinary approach is additive, where different disciplines are brought together to answer a research question. An interdisciplinary approach is interactive, where elements of various disciplines are combined to answer a research question. A transdisciplinary approach is holistic, where conventional boundaries between disciplines are removed to answer a research question.
1.5: Organization of the Book
This textbook, Introduction to Global Studies, is an Open Education Resource (OER) and consists of 12 chapters. A team of seven scholars, consisting of six political scientists and one geographer at six different community colleges in California co-authored this Open Education Resource. Each chapter is structured to include the following seven elements: Chapter Outline, Chapter Sections, Key Terms/Glossary, Summary of each Chapter Section, Review Questions, Critical Thinking Questions, and Suggestions for Further Study. The Chapter Sections are the body of the chapter because they collectively include most of the substantive content. Chapters Two through Eleven will be structured similarly, each with the following sections: Introduction/Definitions, Background/History, Theories, and an At Home and Abroad. Chapter One and Twelve serve as ‘bookends’, introducing and concluding the textbook respectively. Each Home and Abroad section will tackle real global issues that affect our students at home. We will use examples from the U.S., and in particular California, and discuss them in their global context. The goal is to make global studies more accessible to California Community College students and help to develop their global competency.
Suggestions for Further Study
Websites
- Council on Foreign Relations, World101: Globalization (Online resource featuring modules, some of which are interactive, that highlight various aspects of economic globalization)
- CSU Channel Islands, What is Global Studies? (Quick overview of Global Studies provided by CSU Channel Islands)
- National Geographic, Globalization (More detailed resource on understanding globalization)
Books
- Friedman T. (1997). The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Ritzer, G. and Dean, P. (2022). Globalization: A Basic Text (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
- Steger, M.B. (2017). Globalization: A Very Short Introduction (4thed.). Oxford University Press.
- Steger, M.B. and James, P. (2019). Globalization Matters: Engaging the Global in Unsettled Times. Cambridge University Press.
Journal Articles
- Juergensmeyer, M. (2013). What is Global Studies?, Globalizations, 10(6): 765-769.
- Pieterse, J.N. (2013). What is Global Studies?, Globalizations, 10(4): 499-514.
- Steger, M.B. (2013). It's About Globalization, After All: Four Framings of Global Studies. A Response to Jan Nederveen Pieterse's ‘What is Global Studies?’, Globalizations, 10(6): 771-777.
Review Questions
- What is Global Studies?
- Global Studies programs involve courses that examine the interactions between two or more countries, as well as comparing and identifying commonalities among these countries.
- Global Studies programs are a more traditional academic approach where the comparison of countries is organized geographically.
- Global Studies is the realm of political engagements among countries, centered on diplomacy and foreign policy considerations.
- Global Studies is a comprehensive research area aimed at fostering a deep understanding of the effects of globalization on societies, cultures, and environments worldwide.
- How does global differ from transnational?
- Transnational is an activity that transcends national borders but might predominantly pertain to a specific world region.
- Global is an activity that manifests beyond the confines of national boundaries or control.
- All global phenomena are transnational, whereas not all transnational phenomena are global.
- All of these answers are correct.
- Which answer below is not one of the terms associations with globalization?
- Connectivity
- Interdependence
- Integration
- Glocalization
- What are some of the approaches of cosmopolitanism that could lead to a great global consciousness?
- World Federalism
- Cosmopolitan Governance
- Mass Migration
- All of these answers are correct.
- Which answer below is not one of the approaches from which to study Global Studies?
- Multidisciplinary
- Interdisciplinary
- Transdisciplinary
- Heterodisciplinary
Critical Thinking Questions
- Consider sushi. Do you agree that sushi has been globalized? Or, do you think that sushi has been glocalized? Which term better describes the global spread of sushi.
- Why is it better to understand globalization as a process, rather than a condition?
- Have you considered majoring in Global Studies? If so, why would it interest you? What career do you think it would hopefully lead to?