1.10: References

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1. Paul A. Samuelson. 1954. “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure,” Review of Economics and Statistics 36, No. 4: 387–389.

2. John L. Mikesell. 2014. Fiscal Administration: Analysis and Applications for the Public Sector, 9th ed. Boston: Wadsworth.

3. Juliet Elperin, “U.S. Tightens Fishing Policy, Setting 2012 Catch Limits for All Mandated Species,” Washington Post, 8 January 2012.

4. Michael Lipka. 5 November 2015. “7 Facts about Atheists,” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...bout-atheists/.

5. Within this this realm of representative governments, there exists considerable variance in how democratic the systems actually are. The following website contains such information: https://www.eiu.com/topic/democracy-index.

6. C. Wright Mills. 1956. The Power Elite. New York: Oxford University Press.

7. Jack L. Walker. 1966. “A Critique of the Elitist Theory of Democracy,” The American Political Science Review 60, No. 2: 295.

8. The Ivy League is technically an athletic conference in the Northeast comprised of sports teams from eight institutions of higher education—Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University—however, the term is also used to connote academic excellence or social elitism.

9. “Directory of Representatives.” U.S. House of Representatives. https://www.house.gov/representatives. “Senators of the 116th Congress.” United States Senate. https://www.senate.gov/general/conta...nators_cfm.cfm.

10. Kyla Calvert Mason. 22 April 2014. “Percentage of Americans with College Degrees Rises, Paying for Degrees Tops Financial Challenges,” http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/...al-challenges/.

11. Jennifer E. Manning. 24 November 2014. “Membership of the 113th Congress: A Profile.” Congressional Research Service, p. 3 (Table 2).

12. Drew Desilver. 18 December 2018. “A Record Number of Women Will be Serving in the New Congress.” FactTank. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...n-in-congress/.

13. Karl Evers-Hillstrom, "Majority of lawmakers in 116th Congress are millionaires," 23 April 2020, https://www.opensecrets.org/news/202...-millionaires/.

14. Lindsey Burke. 20 April 2009. “How Members of the 111th Congress Practice Private School Choice.” The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/education/r...-school-choice.

15. “The Non-Governmental Order: Will NGOs Democratise, or Merely Disrupt, Global Governance?” The Economist, 9 December 1999.

16. Ronald J. Hrebenar. 1997. Interest Group Politics in America, 3rd ed. New York: Routledge, 14; Clive S. Thomas. 2004. Research Guide to U.S. and International Interest Groups. Westport, CT: Praeger, 106.

17. Dahl, Who Governs? 91–93.

18. McCullen v. Coakley, 573 U.S. 464 (2014); Melissa Jeltsen, “The Reality of Abortion Clinics without Buffer Zones,” The Huffington Post, 13 July 2014.

19. Gail Bambrick. 11 December 2012. “Fracking: Pro and Con,” https://now.tufts.edu/articles/fracking-pro-and-con.

20. “Gun Show Background Checks State Laws,” http://www.governing.com/gov-data/sa...-laws-map.html (February 18, 2016).

21. Russel Berman. 22 March 2018. "Congress's 'Baby Steps' on Guns." The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics...-steps/556250/

22. "White House Weighs Executive Orders on Gun Control," New York Times, 24 March 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/24/u...ve-orders.html.

23. Robert D. Putnam. 2001. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster, 75.

24. Putnam, Robert D. 1995. “Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital,” Journal of Democracy 6: 66–67, 69; “About Social Capital,” https://www.hks.harvard.edu/programs...social-capital (May 2, 2016).

25. Everett Ladd. The Ladd Report. http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/fir...dd-report.html

26. April Clark. "Rethinking the Decline in Social Capital." American Politics Research. April 29, 2014. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf...32673X14531071

27. Emily Badger. "The Terrible Loneliness of Growing Up Poor in Robert Putnam's America." The Washington Post. March 6, 2015. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/...=.32998051b18a

28. Jared Keller. 4 May 2015. “Young Americans are Opting Out of Politics, but Not Because They’re Cynical,” http://www.psmag.com/politics-and-la...cally-inclined.

29. Winston Ross, “Ritchie Torres: Gay, Hispanic and Powerful,” Newsweek, 25 January 2015.

30. Pew Research Center. 26 April 2018. “Political Engagement, Knowledge, and the Midterms.” http://www.people-press.org/2018/04/...-the-midterms/.

31. Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics. 17 October 2018. Survey of Young Americans’ Attitudes toward Politics and Public Service. https://iop.harvard.edu/sites/defaul...l-toplines.pdf.

32. Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE). 7 November 2018. “Young People Dramatically Increase Their Turnout to 31%, Shape 2018 Midterm Elections.” CIRCLE. https://civicyouth.org/young-people-...erm-elections/.

33. Harvard Institute of Politics. "Survey of Young Americans' Attitudes toward Politics and Public Service 35th Edition: March 8–March 25, 2018." 2018; Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement. "Election Week 2020: Young People Increase Turnout, Lead Biden to Victory." 25 November 2020. https://circle.tufts.edu/latest-rese...tion-week-2020.

34. Marc Hetherington and Thomas Rudolph, “Why Don’t Americans Trust the Government?” The Washington Post, 30 January 2014.

35. Keller, “Young Americans are Opting Out.”

36. Tami Luhby and Jennifer Agiesta. 8 November 2016. “Exit Polls: Clinton Fails to Energize African-Americans, Latinos and the Young, http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/08/politi...it-polls-2016/.

37. Harvard Institute of Politics, “No Front-Runner among Prospective Republican Candidates,” http://iop.harvard.edu/no-front-runn...cratic-primary (May 2, 2016).

38. Jocelyn Kiley and Michael Dimock. 25 September 2014. “The GOP’s Millennial Problem Runs Deep,” http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...lem-runs-deep/.

39. “Keeping Students from the Polls,” New York Times, 26 December 2011.

40. 18 October 2006. “Who Votes, Who Doesn’t, and Why,” http://www.people-press.org/2006/10/...oesnt-and-why/.

41. "What Affects Voter Turnout Rates," Fair Vote, https://www.fairvote.org/what_affect..._turnout_rates (June 1, 2021).

42. Jonathan M. Ladd. 11 September 2015. “Don’t Worry about Special Interests,” https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-fac...cial-interests.