7.7: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 153894
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- ballot fatigue
- the result when a voter stops voting for offices and initiatives at the bottom of a long ballot
- caucus
- a form of candidate nomination that occurs in a town-hall style format rather than a day-long election; usually reserved for presidential elections
- chronic minority
- voters who belong to political parties that tend not to be competitive in national elections because they are too small to become a majority or because of the Electoral College system distribution in their state
- closed primary
- an election in which only voters registered with a party may vote for that party’s candidates
- coattail effect
- the result when a popular presidential candidate helps candidates from the same party win their own elections
- delegates
- party members who are chosen to represent a particular candidate at the party’s state- or national-level nominating convention
- district system
- the means by which electoral votes are divided between candidates based on who wins districts and/or the state
- early voting
- an accommodation that allows voting up to two weeks before Election Day
- Electoral College
- the constitutionally created group of individuals, chosen by the states, with the responsibility of formally selecting the next U.S. president
- incumbency advantage
- the advantage held by officeholders that allows them to often win reelection
- incumbent
- the current holder of a political office
- initiative
- law or constitutional amendment proposed and passed by the voters and subject to review by the state courts; also called a proposition
- midterm elections
- the congressional elections that occur in the even-numbered years between presidential election years, in the middle of the president’s term
- open primary
- an election in which any registered voter may vote in any party’s primary or caucus
- platform
- the set of issues important to the political party and the party delegates
- political action committees (PACs)
- organizations created to raise money for political campaigns and spend money to influence policy and politics
- recall
- the removal of a politician or government official by the voters
- referendum
- a yes or no vote by citizens on a law or candidate proposed by the state government
- residency requirement
- the stipulation that citizen must live in a state for a determined period of time before a citizen can register to vote as a resident of that state
- shadow campaign
- a campaign run by political action committees and other organizations without the coordination of the candidate
- straight-ticket voting
- the practice of voting only for candidates from the same party
- super PACs
- officially known as Independent Expenditure-Only Committees; organizations that can fundraise and spend as they please to support or attack a candidate but not contribute directly to a candidate or strategize with a candidate’s campaign
- top-two primary
- a primary election in which the two candidates with the most votes, regardless of party, become the nominees for the general election
- voter fatigue
- the result when voters grow tired of voting and stay home from the polls
- voting-age population
- the number of citizens over eighteen
- voting-eligible population
- the number of citizens eligible to vote
- winner-take-all system
- all electoral votes for a state are given to the candidate who wins the most votes in that state