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9.11: References

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    1. Larry Sabato and Howard R. Ernst. 2007. Encyclopedia of American Political Parties and Elections. New York: Checkmark Books, 151.
    2. Saul Cornell. 2016. The Other Founders: Anti-Federalism and the Dissenting Tradition in America. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press, 11.
    3. James H. Ellis. 2009. A Ruinous and Unhappy War: New England and the War of 1812. New York: Algora Publishing, 80.
    4. Alexander Keyssar. 2009. The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. New York: Basic Books.
    5. R. R. Stenberg, “Jackson, Buchanan, and the “Corrupt Bargain” Calumny,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 58, no. 1 (1934): 61–85.
    6. 2009. “Democratic-Republican Party,” In UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History, eds. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Detroit: UXL, 435–436; “Jacksonian Democracy and Modern America,” http://www.ushistory.org/us/23f.asp (March 6, 2016).
    7. Virginia Historical Society. “Elections from 1789–1828.” http://www.vahistorical.org/collecti...ial-campaign-0 (March 11, 2016).
    8. William G. Shade. 1983. “The Second Party System.” In Evolution of American Electoral Systems, eds. Paul Kleppner, et al. Westport, CT: Greenwood Pres, 77–111.
    9. Jules Witcover. 2003. Party of the People: A History of the Democrats. New York: Random House, 3.
    10. Daniel Walker Howe. 2007. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. New York: Oxford University Press, 330-34.
    11. Sean Wilentz. 2006. The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. New York: Norton.
    12. Calvin Jillson. 1994. “Patterns and Periodicity.” In The Dynamics of American Politics: Approaches and Interpretations, eds. Lawrence C. Dodd and Calvin C. Jillson. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 38–41.
    13. Norman Pollack. 1976. The Populist Response to Industrial America: Midwestern Populist Thought. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 11–12.
    14. 1985. Congressional Quarterly’s Guide to U.S. Elections. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc., 75–78, 387–388.
    15. “Platform of the States Rights Democratic Party,” http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=25851 (March 12, 2016).
    16. Robert Richie and Steven Hill, “The Case for Proportional Representation,” Boston Review, February–March 1998, https://bostonreview.net/archives/BR23.1/richie.html (March 15, 2016).
    17. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. 2005. Electoral Design System: The New IDEA Handbook. Stockholm: International IDEA, 153–156, http://www.idea.int/publications/esd...d_chapter5.pdf (March 15, 2016).
    18. Duverger, Maurice. 1972 “Factors in a Two-Party and Multiparty System.” In Party Politics and Pressure Groups. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 23–32.
    19. Jeffrey Sachs. 2011. The Price of Civilization. New York: Random House, 107.
    20. James Dao, “The 2000 Elections: The Green Party; Angry Democrats, Fearing Nader Cost Them Presidential Race, Threaten to Retaliate,” The New York Times, 9 November 2000.
    21. Bruce Bartlett, “Why Third Parties Can’t Compete,” Forbes, 14 May 2010.
    22. George C. Edwards III. 2011. Why the Electoral College is Bad for America, 2nd. ed. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 176–177.
    23. Kevin Liptak, “’Fatal Flaw:’ Why Third Parties Still Fail Despite Voter Anger,” http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/21/politi...ail/index.html (March 13, 2016).
    24. Morris P. Fiorina, “America’s Missing Moderates: Hiding in Plain Sight,” 2 February 2013, http://www.the-american-interest.com...n-plain-sight/ (March 1, 2016).
    25. Jocelyn Kiley and Michael Dimock, “The GOP’s Millennial Problem Runs Deep,” 28 September 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...lem-runs-deep/ (March 15, 2016).
    26. Gabrielle Levy, “’Trump Effect’ Driving Push for Latino Voter Registration,” U.S. News & World Report, 27 January 2016, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/...r-registration (March 15, 2016).
    27. “Heading into 2016 Election Season, U.S. Voters Overwhelmingly Concerned About Issues Affecting Seniors, New National Poll Reveals,” 26 February 2016, http://www.prnewswire.com/news-relea...300226953.html (March 15, 2016).
    28. “Morning Consult,” 25 February 2016, http://www.bringthevotehome.org/wp-c...-BTVH-Memo.pdf (March 15, 2016).
    29. Aaron Blake, “The Ten Most Loyal Demographic Groups for Republicans and Democrats,” The Washington Post, 8 April 2015.
    30. Irin Carmon, “GOP Candidates: Ban Abortion, No Exceptions,” 7 August 2015, http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/gop-candi...-no-exceptions (March 14, 2016).
    31. Aaron Blake, “The Ten Most Loyal Demographic Groups for Republicans and Democrats.”
    32. V.O. Key. 1964. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups. New York: Crowell.
    33. Thomas Streissguth. 2003. Hate Crimes. New York: Facts on File, 8.
    34. Philip Bump, “When Did Black Americans Start Voting So Heavily Democratic?” The Washington Post, 7 July 2015.
    35. Edward Carmines and James Stimson. 1989. Issue Evolution: Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    36. Ian Haney-Lopez, “How the GOP Became the ‘White Man’s Party,’” 22 December 2013, https://www.salon.com/2013/12/22/how...te_mans_party/ (March 16, 2016).
    37. Nate Cohn, “Demise of the Southern Democrat is Now Nearly Complete,” The New York Times, 4 December 2014.
    38. “Party Affiliation,” http://www.gallup.com/poll/15370/par...filiation.aspx (March 1, 2016).
    39. Jeffrey L. Jones, “Democratic, Republican Identification Near Historical Lows,” http://www.gallup.com/poll/188096/de...ical-lows.aspx (March 14, 2016).
    40. “Election Trends,” http://www.opensecrets.org/elections...lection-trends (June 1, 2021).
    41. Elizabeth Lehman, “Trend Shows Generation Focuses Mostly on Social, National Issues,” http://www.thenewsoutlet.org/survey-...in-big-issues/ (March 15, 2016).
    42. “Voter Turnout,” http://www.electproject.org/home/vot...r-turnout-data (March 14, 2016).
    43. Abdullah Halimah, “Eastwood, the Empty Chair, and the Speech Everyone’s Talking About,” 31 August 2012, http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/31/politi...stwood-speech/ (March 14, 2016).
    44. “Influence of Democratic and Republican Conventions on Opinions of the Presidential Candidates,” http://journalistsresource.org/studi...te-evaluations (March 14, 2016).
    45. Timothy Zick, “Speech and Spatial Tactics,” Texas Law Review February (2006): 581.
    46. Thomas E. Patterson, “Is There a Future for On-the-Air Televised Conventions?” http://journalistsresource.org/wp-co...onv_paper1.pdf (March 14, 2016).
    47. Todd Leopold, “The Day America Met Barack Obama,” http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/...ef=werecommend (March 14, 2016).
    48. Peter Nicholas. 26 July 2016. “Bernie Sanders to Return to Senate as an Independent,” http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2016/0...n-independent/ (November 9, 2016).
    49. Sidney R. Waldman. 2007. America and the Limits of the Politics of Selfishness. New York: Lexington Books, 27.
    50. Alicia W. Stewart and Tricia Escobedo, “What You Might Not Know About the 1964 Civil Rights Act,” 10 April 2014, http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/10/politi...resting-facts/ (March 16, 2016).
    51. Nolan McCarty, Keith T. Poole and Howard Rosenthal. 2006. Polarized America. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    52. David R. Mayhew. 1991. Divided We Govern. New Haven: Yale University Press; George C. Edwards, Andrew Barrett and Jeffrey S. Peake, “The Legislative Impact of Divided Government,” American Journal of Political Science 41, no. 2 (1997): 545–563.
    53. Dylan Matthews, “Here is Every Previous Government Shutdown, Why They Happened and How They Ended,” The Washington Post, 25 September 2013.
    54. Matthews, “Here is Every Previous Government Shutdown, Why They Happened and How They Ended.”
    55. Matthews, “Here is Every Previous Government Shutdown, Why They Happened and How They Ended.”
    56. Drew Desilver, “The Polarized Congress of Today Has Its Roots in the 1970s,” 12 June 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...se-ever-since/ (March 16, 2016).
    57. “The Tea Party and Religion,” 23 February 2011, http://www.pewforum.org/2011/02/23/t...-and-religion/ (March 16, 2016).
    58. “The Tea Party and Religion.”
    59. Paul Waldman, “Nearly All the GOP Candidates Bow Down to Grover Norquist, The Washington Post, 13 August 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs...over-norquist/ (March 1, 2016).
    60. Beth Fouhy, “Occupy Wall Street and Democrats Remain Wary of Each Other,” Huffington Post, 17 November 2011.
    61. Andrew Buncombe. 9 November 2016. “Donald Trump would have lost US election if Bernie Sanders had been the candidate,” http://www.independent.co.uk/news/pe...-a7406346.html (November 9, 2016).
    62. Drew Desilver, “In Late Spurt of Activity, Congress Avoids ‘Least Productive’ Title,” 29 December 2014, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank...ductive-title/ (March 16, 2016).
    63. "Congress and the Public," Gallup, https://news.gallup.com/poll/1600/co...ss-public.aspx (June 1, 2021).
    64. “Presidential Approval Ratings – Barack Obama,” http://www.gallup.com/poll/116479/ba...-approval.aspx (March 16, 2016).
    65. Morris Fiorina, “Americans Have Not Become More Politically Polarized,” The Washington Post, 23 June 2014.
    66. Ian Haney-Lopez, “How the GOP Became the ‘White Man’s Party,’” 22 December 2013, https://www.salon.com/2013/12/22/how...te_mans_party/ (March 16, 2016).
    67. Reynolds v. Simms, 379 U.S. 870 (1964).
    68. Sean Theriault. 2013. The Gingrich Senators: The Roots of Partisan Warfare in Congress. New York: Oxford University Press.
    69. Nolan McCarty, “Hate Our Polarized Politics? Why You Can’t Blame Gerrymandering,” The Washington Post, 26 October 2012.
    70. Jamie L. Carson et al., “Redistricting and Party Polarization in the U.S. House of Representatives,” American Politics Research 35, no. 6 (2007): 878–904.
    71. Arizona State Legislature v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Commission, 135 S. Ct. 2652 (2015).
    72. “Editorial: Republicans Should Accept Redistricting Defeat and Drop Talk of Appeals,” 10 January 2016, http://www.fairdistrictsnow.org/news/661/ (March 16, 2016).

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