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1. There are six non-voting delegations representing American Samoa, the District of Columbia, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. While these delegates are not able to vote on legislation, they may introduce it and are able to vote in congressional committees and on procedural matters.
2. Steven Hill, “How the Voting Rights Act Hurts Democrats and Minorities,” The Atlantic, 17 June 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/...rities/276893/.
3. Lainie Rutkow and Jon S. Vernick. 2011. “The U.S. Constitution’s Commerce Clause, the Supreme Court, and Public Health,” Public Health Report 126, No. 5 (September–October): 750–753.
4. United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995).
5. National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius, 567 U.S. 519 (2012).
6. Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. 137 (1803).
7. “Abraham Lincoln: Impact and Legacy,” http://millercenter.org/president/biography/lincoln-impact-and-legacy (May 24, 2016).
8. David M. Jordan. 2011. FDR, Dewey, and the Election of 1944. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 290; Paul G. Willis and George L. Willis. 1952. “The Politics of the Twenty-Second Amendment,” The Western Political Quarterly 5, No. 3: 469–82; Paul B. Davis. 1979. “The Results and Implications of the Enactment of the Twenty-Second Amendment,” Presidential Studies Quarterly 9, No. 3: 289–303.
9. Glen S. Krutz and Jeffrey S. Peake, 2009, Treaty Politics and the Rise of Executive Agreements: International Commitments in a System of Shared Powers, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
10. U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton, 514 U.S. 779 (1995).
11. http://dailysignal.com/2015/11/11/12...-becoming-law/ (May 15, 2016).
12. "Election Trends," OpenSecrets, https://www.opensecrets.org/election...lection-trends (June 2021).
13. http://www.opensecrets.org/overview/wherefrom.php (May 15, 2016).
14. “Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002,” http://www.fec.gov/pages/bcra/bcra_update.shtml (May 15, 2016); Greg Scott and Gary Mullen, “Thirty Year Report,” September 2005, http://www.fec.gov/info/publications/30year.pdf (May 15, 2016).
15. Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010).
16. “2012 Outside Spending, by Super PAC,” https://www.opensecrets.org/outsides...&chrt=V&type=S (June 1, 2021).
17. “Contribution Limits for the 2015-2016 Federal Elections,” http://www.fec.gov/info/contriblimitschart1516.pdf (May 15, 2016).
18. “Incumbent Advantage,” http://www.opensecrets.org/elections...le=2020&type=A (June 1, 2021).
19. Larry J. Sabato, Kyle Kondik, and Geoffrey Skelley, “Long Odds for Most Senate Primary Challenges,” 30 January 2014, http://www.centerforpolitics.org/cry...ry-challenges/ (May 1, 2016).
20. David R. Mayhew. 1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
21. R. Eric Petersen, “Casework in a Congressional Office: Background, Rules, Laws, and Resources,” 24 November 2014, https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL33209.pdf (May 1, 2016).
22. Angus Campbell. 1960. “Surge and Decline: A Study of Electoral Change.” The Public Opinion Quarterly 24, No. 3: 397–418.
23. “Midterm congressional elections explained: Why the president’s party typically loses,” 1 October 2014, http://journalistsresource.org/studi...ypically-loses (May 1, 2016).
24. “A Profile of the Modern Military,” 5 October 2011, http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/...dern-military/ (May 1, 2016).
25. Dhrumil Mehta and Harry Enten, “The 2014 Senate Elections Were the Most Nationalized In Decades,” 2 December 2014, http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/t...ed-in-decades/ (May 1, 2016); Gregory Giroux, “Straight-Ticket Voting Rises As Parties Polarize,” Bloomberg, 29 November 2014, http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/ar...rties-polarize (May 1, 2016).
26. Steven S. Smith. 1999. The American Congress. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
27. Edmund Burke, “Speech to the Electors of Bristol,” 3 November 1774, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/found.../v1ch13s7.html (May 1, 2016).
28. EMILY's List, "Our History," https://www.emilyslist.org/pages/entry/our-history (June 1, 2021)
29. Michele L. Swers, "More Republican women than before will serve this Congress. Here's why." Washington Post, 5 January 2021.
30. Jennifer E. Manning, August 5 2021. "Membership of the 117th Congress: A Profile." Congressional Research Service. (https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46705)
31. “Statement by John McCain on Banning Earmarks,” 13 March 2008, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=90739 (May 15, 2016); “Press Release - John McCain’s Economic Plan,” 15 April 2008, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=94082 (May 15, 2016).
32. Kathleen Parker, “Health-Care Reform’s Sickeningly Sweet Deals,” The Washington Post, 10 March 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn...030903068.html (May 1, 2016); Dana Milbank, “Sweeteners for the South,” The Washington Post, 22 November 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn...112102272.html (May 1, 2016); Jeffry H. Anderson, “Nebraska’s Dark-Horse Candidate and the Cornhusker Kickback,” The Weekly Standard, 4 May 2014.
33. Phil Hirschkorn and Wyatt Andrews, “One-Fifth of House Freshmen Sleep in Offices,” CBS News, 22 January 2011, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/one-fift...ep-in-offices/ (May 1, 2016).
34. “Congress and the Public,” http://www.gallup.com/poll/1600/congress-public.aspx (May 15, 2016).
35. “Congress and the Public,” http://www.gallup.com/poll/1600/congress-public.aspx (May 15, 2016).
36. Amy Davidson, “The Hillary Hearing,” The New Yorker, 2 November 2015; David A. Graham, “What Conservative Media Say About the Benghazi Hearing,” The Atlantic, 23 October 2015.
37. Arlette Saenz, "Ted Cruz's Obamacare All-Nighter Ends After 21 Hours," ABC News, 25 September 2013, https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/ted-...ry?id=20365712.
38. Glen S. Krutz. 2001. Hitching a Ride: Omnibus Legislating in the U.S. Congress. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
