5: Civil Rights
- Page ID
- 284315
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 5.0: Introduction
- This page highlights the significance of civil rights in the U.S., marking the historical Voting Rights Act of 1965 and its continued relevance. It stresses the gap between the Constitution's promises of liberty and equality versus real experiences of systemic discrimination.
- 5.1: What Are Civil Rights and How Do We Identify Them?
- This page explores civil rights issues in the U.S., emphasizing the ongoing struggles faced by marginalized groups, particularly Black Americans, since the post-Civil War era. It discusses the role of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments in promoting equal treatment and the varied judicial standards used to evaluate discrimination.
- 5.2: The African American Struggle for Equality
- This page chronicles the historical struggle for African American civil rights from slavery to the present, detailing key events and developments, including landmark Supreme Court cases and legislative amendments aimed at securing rights. It highlights ongoing disenfranchisement through mechanisms like poll taxes and Jim Crow laws, and the responses from African American leaders and grassroots movements.
- 5.3: The Fight for Women’s Rights
- This page outlines the historical struggle for women's rights in the U.S., beginning with early activism linked to abolition efforts and the pivotal Seneca Falls Convention in 1848. Key activists like Stanton and Anthony pushed for suffrage and legal equality. Despite the Nineteenth Amendment granting voting rights in 1920, systemic discrimination continued. The 1960s saw renewed activism and the formation of NOW to combat workplace inequities.
- 5.4: Civil Rights for Indigenous Groups- Native Americans, Alaskans, and Hawaiians
- This page outlines the historical and ongoing struggles of Native Americans, detailing the discrimination, land loss, and lack of rights they faced from European settlement onwards. It highlights significant events like the Trail of Tears, the 1960s civil rights activism, and the 1973 Wounded Knee occupation.
- 5.5: Equal Protection for Other Groups
- This page outlines the ongoing discrimination faced by various marginalized communities, including Hispanic and Latino groups, who have historical parallels with African Americans and Native Americans in their struggles for civil rights. It examines the challenges surrounding undocumented immigration, particularly in Arizona, and reflects on the historical treatment of Asian Americans and LGBTQ individuals.
- 5.6: Key Terms
- This page offers definitions and insights into civil rights, discrimination, and social justice in the U.S., discussing historical movements like the American Indian Movement, significant legislative actions such as the Equal Rights Amendment, and pivotal Supreme Court cases including Brown v. Board of Education and Plessy v. Ferguson.
- 5.7: Summary
- This page discusses civil rights in the U.S., focusing on the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause. It outlines the historical struggles of various groups, including African Americans, women, Indigenous peoples, and Hispanic, Latino, Asian Americans, and LGBTQ individuals in their fights for equality. Despite significant progress, ongoing discrimination against marginalized communities and religious minorities remains a pressing issue.
- 5.8: Review Questions
- This page explores the legal and historical dimensions of civil rights and discrimination in the U.S., detailing legal standards like rational basis, strict scrutiny, and the equal protection clause. It highlights significant events and legislation, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Selma-to-Montgomery march, and discusses the challenges faced by Native Americans, Asian immigrants, and LGBTQ communities in the realm of civil rights activism.
- 5.9: Critical Thinking Questions
- This page explores complex issues surrounding civil rights, government support for Indigenous peoples, self-governance for Native Hawaiians, and the intersection of religion and law. It raises questions about the impact of Supreme Court decisions on minority groups concerning national security, urging discussions on ethics, historical context, and the balance between individual rights and societal order in the quest for justice and equality today.
- 5.10: Suggestions for Further Study
- This page features a collection of historical books centered on civil rights, affirmative action, women's suffrage, and various social movements in the U.S. Notable titles include "The Pursuit of Fairness," "Votes for Women," and "Slavery by Another Name." It addresses issues of African American equality, women's rights, LGBTQ+ struggles, and indigenous sovereignty, emphasizing the continuous fight for equality and civil rights across diverse American communities throughout history.