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12.8: References

Last updated

Feb 28, 2025
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- 12.7: Key Terms
- 12.9: Multiple Choice

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12.1 What Is Stress?

Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses: A theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 355–391. doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355

Jamieson, J. P., Nock, M. K., & Mendes, W. B. (2012). Mind over matter: Reappraising arousal improves cardiovascular and cognitive responses to stress. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(3), 417–422. doi.org/10.1037/a0025719

Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 1–21. doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.000245

Roelofs, K. (2017). Freeze for action: Neurobiological mechanisms in animal and human freezing. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 372(1718), 20160206. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0206

Selye, H. (1974). Stress without distress (1st ed.). Lippincott.

12.2 Neural Mechanisms and Circuitry of the Stress Response

Anacker, C., Luna, V. M., Stevens, G. S., Millette, A., Shores, R., Jimenez, J. C., Chen, B., & Hen, R. (2018). Hippocampal neurogenesis confers stress resilience by inhibiting the ventral dentate gyrus. Nature, 559(7712), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0262-4

Brischoux, F., Chakraborty, S., Brierley, D. I., & Ungless, M. A. (2009). Phasic excitation of dopamine neurons in ventral VTA by noxious stimuli. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(12), 4894–4899. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0811507106

Cameron, H. A., & Glover, L. R. (2015). Adult neurogenesis: Beyond learning and memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 53–81. doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015006

Chetty, S., Friedman, A. R., Taravosh-Lahn, K., Kirby, E. D., Mirescu, C., Guo, F., Krupik, D., Nicholas, A., Geraghty, A., Krishnamurthy, A., Tsai, M. K., Covarrubias, D., Wong, A., Francis, D., Sapolsky, R. M., Palmer, T. D., Pleasure, D., & Kaufer, D. (2014). Stress and glucocorticoids promote oligodendrogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(12), 1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.190

Cope, E. C., & Gould, E. (2019). Adult neurogenesis, glia, and the extracellular matrix. Cell Stem Cell, 24(5), 690–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.03.023

Cui, W., Aida, T., Ito, H., Kobayashi, K., Wada, Y., Kato, S., Nakano, T., Zhu, M., Isa, K., Kobayashi, K., Isa, T., Tanaka, K., & Aizawa, H. (2020). Dopaminergic signaling in the nucleus accumbens modulates stress-coping strategies during inescapable stress. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 40(38), 7241–7254. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0444-20.2020

Donley, M. P., Schulkin, J., & Rosen, J. B. (2005). Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism in the basolateral amygdala and ventral hippocampus interferes with long-term memory of contextual fear. Behavioural Brain Research, 164(2), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2005.06.020

Finlay, J. M., Zigmond, M. J., & Abercrombie, E. D. (1995). Increased dopamine and norepinephrine release in medial prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: Effects of diazepam. Neuroscience, 64(3), 619–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(94)00331-x

Füzesi, T., Daviu, N., Wamsteeker Cusulin, J. I., Bonin, R. P., & Bains, J. S. (2016). Hypothalamic CRH neurons orchestrate complex behaviours after stress. Nature Communications, 7, 11937. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11937

Gilpin, N. W., Herman, M. A., & Roberto, M. (2015). The central amygdala as an integrative hub for anxiety and alcohol use disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 77(10), 859–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.008

Groeneweg, F. L., Karst, H., de Kloet, E. R., & Joëls, M. (2011). Rapid non-genomic effects of corticosteroids and their role in the central stress response. The Journal of Endocrinology, 209(2), 153–167. doi.org/10.1530/JOE-10-0472

Guiard, B. P., El Mansari, M., & Blier, P. (2008). Cross-talk between dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the rat ventral tegmental area, locus ceruleus, and dorsal hippocampus. Molecular Pharmacology, 74(5), 1463–1475. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.108.048033

Haubensak, W., Kunwar, P. S., Cai, H., Ciocchi, S., Wall, N. R., Ponnusamy, R., Biag, J., Dong, H. W., Deisseroth, K., Callaway, E. M., Fanselow, M. S., Lüthi, A., & Anderson, D. J. (2010). Genetic dissection of an amygdala microcircuit that gates conditioned fear. Nature, 468(7321), 270–276. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09553

Holly, E. N., & Miczek, K. A. (2016). Ventral tegmental area dopamine revisited: Effects of acute and repeated stress. Psychopharmacology, 233(2), 163–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4151-3

Hölzel, B. K., Carmody, J., Evans, K. C., Hoge, E. A., Dusek, J. A., Morgan, L., Pitman, R. K., & Lazar, S. W. (2010). Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 5(1), 11–17. doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsp034

Karst, H., Berger, S., Turiault, M., Tronche, F., Schütz, G., & Joëls, M. (2005). Mineralocorticoid receptors are indispensable for nongenomic modulation of hippocampal glutamate transmission by corticosterone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(52), 19204–19207. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507572102

Kirby, E. D., Muroy, S. E., Sun, W. G., Covarrubias, D., Leong, M. J., Barchas, L. A., & Kaufer, D. (2013). Acute stress enhances adult rat hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of newborn neurons via secreted astrocytic FGF2. eLife, 2, e00362. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00362

Kolber, B. J., Roberts, M. S., Howell, M. P., Wozniak, D. F., Sands, M. S., & Muglia, L. J. (2008). Central amygdala glucocorticoid receptor action promotes fear-associated CRH activation and conditioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(33), 12004–12009. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803216105

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Venero, C., & Borrell, J. (1999). Rapid glucocorticoid effects on excitatory amino acid levels in the hippocampus: A microdialysis study in freely moving rats. The European Journal of Neuroscience, 11(7), 2465–2473. doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00668.x

Jo, Y. S., Namboodiri, V. M. K., Stuber, G. D., & Zweifel, L. S. (2020). Persistent activation of central amygdala CRF neurons helps drive the immediate fear extinction deficit. Nature Communications, 11(1), 422. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14393-y

Morey, R. A., Gold, A. L., LaBar, K. S., Beall, S. K., Brown, V. M., Haswell, C. C., Nasser, J. D., Wagner, H. R., McCarthy, G., & Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup (2012). Amygdala volume changes in posttraumatic stress disorder in a large case-controlled veterans group. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(11), 1169–1178. doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.50

Quiroz, C., Orrú, M., Rea, W., Ciudad-Roberts, A., Yepes, G., Britt, J. P., & Ferré, S. (2016). Local control of extracellular dopamine levels in the medial nucleus accumbens by a glutamatergic projection from the infralimbic cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 36(3), 851–859. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2850-15.2016

Sapolsky, R. M., Krey, L. C., & McEwen, B. S. (1984). Glucocorticoid-sensitive hippocampal neurons are involved in terminating the adrenocortical stress response. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 81(19), 6174–6177. doi.org/10.1073/pnas.81.19.6174

Snyder, J. S., Soumier, A., Brewer, M., Pickel, J., & Cameron, H. A. (2011). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behaviour. Nature, 476(7361), 458–461. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10287

Tovote, P., Fadok, J. P., & Lüthi, A. (2015). Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 16(6), 317–331. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3945

Popoli, M., Yan, Z., McEwen, B. S., & Sanacora, G. (2011). The stressed synapse: The impact of stress and glucocorticoids on glutamate transmission. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 13(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3138

12.3 Interindividual Variability and Resilience in Response to Stress

Amat, J., Paul, E., Zarza, C., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2006). Previous experience with behavioral control over stress blocks the behavioral and dorsal raphe nucleus activating effects of later uncontrollable stress: Role of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 26(51), 13264–13272. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3630-06.2006

Amat, J., Baratta, M. V., Paul, E., Bland, S. T., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2005). Medial prefrontal cortex determines how stressor controllability affects behavior and dorsal raphe nucleus. Nature Neuroscience, 8(3), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1399

Bangasser, D. A., & Wiersielis, K. R. (2018). Sex differences in stress responses: A critical role for corticotropin-releasing factor. Hormones (Athens, Greece), 17(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-018-0002-z

Basso, J. C., McHale, A., Ende, V., Oberlin, D. J., & Suzuki, W. A. (2019). Brief, daily meditation enhances attention, memory, mood, and emotional regulation in non-experienced meditators. Behavioural Brain Research, 356, 208–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.023

Bergman, K., Sarkar, P., Glover, V., & O'Connor, T. G. (2010). Maternal prenatal cortisol and infant cognitive development: Moderation by infant-mother attachment. Biological Psychiatry, 67(11), 1026–1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.002

Brouwers, E. P., van Baar, A. L., & Pop, V. J. (2001). Maternal anxiety during pregnancy and subsequent infant development. Infant Behavior and Development, 24, 95–106.

Buescher, J. L., Musselman, L. P., Wilson, C. A., Lang, T., Keleher, M., Baranski, T. J., & Duncan, J. G. (2013). Evidence for transgenerational metabolic programming in Drosophila. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 6(5), 1123–1132. doi.org/10.1242/dmm.011924

Carr, C. P., Martins, C. M., Stingel, A. M., Lemgruber, V. B., & Juruena, M. F. (2013). The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: A systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(12), 1007–1020. doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000049

Class, Q. A., Lichtenstein, P., Långström, N., & D'Onofrio, B. M. (2011). Timing of prenatal maternal exposure to severe life events and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A population study of 2.6 million pregnancies. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(3), 234–241. doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e31820a62ce

Davis, E. P., Glynn, L. M., Waffarn, F., & Sandman, C. A. (2011). Prenatal maternal stress programs infant stress regulation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 52(2), 119–129. doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02314.x

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Deschamps, S., Woodside, B., & Walker, C. D. (2003). Pups presence eliminates the stress hyporesponsiveness of early lactating females to a psychological stress representing a threat to the pups. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15(5), 486–497. doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01022.x

Eisenberger, N. I., Taylor, S. E., Gable, S. L., Hilmert, C. J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Neural pathways link social support to attenuated neuroendocrine stress responses. NeuroImage, 35(4), 1601–1612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.038

Enoch, M. A. (2011). The role of early life stress as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence. Psychopharmacology, 214(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-010-1916-6

Fan, Y., Tang, Y. Y., & Posner, M. I. (2014). Cortisol level modulated by integrative meditation in a dose-dependent fashion. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 30(1), 65–70. doi.org/10.1002/smi.2497

Fleischer, A. W., & Frick, K. M. (2023). New perspectives on sex differences in learning and memory. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM, 34(9), 526–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2023.06.003

Fletcher, J. M. (2010). Adolescent depression and educational attainment: Results using sibling fixed effects. Health Economics, 19(7), 855–871. doi.org/10.1002/hec.1526

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12.4 Clinical Implications of Stress

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Frank, M. G., Fonken, L. K., Watkins, L. R., & Maier, S. F. (2019). Microglia: Neuroimmune-sensors of stress. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 94, 176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.001

Fenster, R. J., Lebois, L. A. M., Ressler, K. J., & Suh, J. (2018). Brain circuit dysfunction in post-traumatic stress disorder: From mouse to man. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 19(9), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-018-0039-7

Gracia-García, P., de-la-Cámara, C., Santabárbara, J., Lopez-Anton, R., Quintanilla, M. A., Ventura, T., Marcos, G., Campayo, A., Saz, P., Lyketsos, C., & Lobo, A. (2015). Depression and incident Alzheimer disease: The impact of disease severity. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.02.011

Johansson, L., Guo, X., Waern, M., Ostling, S., Gustafson, D., Bengtsson, C., & Skoog, I. (2010). Midlife psychological stress and risk of dementia: A 35-year longitudinal population study. Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 133(Pt 8), 2217–2224. doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq116

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McEwen, B. S. (2004). Protection and damage from acute and chronic stress: Allostasis and allostatic overload and relevance to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1032, 1–7. doi.org/10.1196/annals.1314.001

Parsons, R. G., & Ressler, K. J. (2013). Implications of memory modulation for post-traumatic stress and fear disorders. Nature Neuroscience, 16(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3296

Peavy, G. M., Jacobson, M. W., Salmon, D. P., Gamst, A. C., Patterson, T. L., Goldman, S., Mills, P. J., Khandrika, S., & Galasko, D. (2012). The influence of chronic stress on dementia-related diagnostic change in older adults. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 26(3), 260–266. doi.org/10.1097/WAD.0b013e3182389a9c

Rosenkranz, J. A., Venheim, E. R., & Padival, M. (2010). Chronic stress causes amygdala hyperexcitability in rodents. Biological Psychiatry, 67(12), 1128–1136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.008

Schmid, B., Blomeyer, D., Becker, K., Treutlein, J., Zimmermann, U. S., Buchmann, A. F., Schmidt, M. H., Esser, G., Banaschewski, T., Rietschel, M., & Laucht, M. (2009). The interaction between the dopamine transporter gene and age at onset in relation to tobacco and alcohol use among 19-year-olds. Addiction Biology, 14(4), 489–499. doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00171.x

Shalev, A., Liberzon, I., & Marmar, C. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder. The New England Journal of Medicine, 376(25), 2459–2469. doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1612499

Srivareerat, M., Tran, T. T., Alzoubi, K. H., & Alkadhi, K. A. (2009). Chronic psychosocial stress exacerbates impairment of cognition and long-term potentiation in beta-amyloid rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Biological Psychiatry, 65(11), 918–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.021

Tafet, G. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020). Pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders: The role of the HPA axis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 443. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00443

Tafet, G. E., Idoyaga-Vargas, V. P., Abulafia, D. P., Calandria, J. M., Roffman, S. S., Chiovetta, A., & Shinitzky, M. (2001). Correlation between cortisol level and serotonin uptake in patients with chronic stress and depression. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 1(4), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.1.4.388

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Zohar, J., Yahalom, H., Kozlovsky, N., Cwikel-Hamzany, S., Matar, M. A., Kaplan, Z., Yehuda, R., & Cohen, H. (2011). High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: Interplay between clinical and animal studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology: The Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 21(11), 796–809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.001

12.1 What Is Stress?

12.2 Neural Mechanisms and Circuitry of the Stress Response

12.3 Interindividual Variability and Resilience in Response to Stress

12.4 Clinical Implications of Stress

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