1: History of Cognitive Psychology
- Page ID
- 54066
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 1.1: Definition of Cognitive Psychology
- Cognitive psychology explores human thinking by examining interactions among thought processes, emotion, creativity, language, and problem solving. It seeks to understand why we think the way we do, how we prioritize tasks, and the unconscious aspects of cognition. Cognitive psychologists investigate intelligence, problem-solving skills, and the impact of emotional intelligence on workplace success, as well as how we organize thoughts and information into categories.
- 1.2: Historical Roots- History of Cognition
- The page outlines the concept of cognition, which encompasses mental abilities and processes like memory, judgment, and problem-solving. Key historical figures in cognition include Aristotle, who emphasized empirical evidence, Descartes, known for "I think, therefore I am," and Wundt, who is considered a founding figure of psychology. Cognition is studied across various disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, and computer science.
- 1.3: Mnemonic Devices
- The human mind organizes thoughts by processing sensory information and drawing from emotions and memories, using concepts and prototypes to categorize and relate experiences. Concepts are organized groupings of ideas built from semantic memory, which can be complex, abstract, or concrete. Prototypes represent ideal examples within a concept. Concepts divide into natural and artificial types, based on experience or defined characteristics.
- 1.4: Early Psychology - Structuralism and Functionalism
- The page explores the early development of psychology, focusing on key figures Wilhelm Wundt and William James. Wundt, associated with structuralism, aimed to identify the basic elements of consciousness through introspection, while James, a proponent of functionalism, emphasized understanding mental processes as adaptive functions.
- 1.5: Contributions to Cognitive Psychology “Birth”
- The cognitive revolution marked a shift from behaviorism's emphasis on external behavior to a renewed focus on the mind, driven by fields like linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science. Noam Chomsky played a vital role, challenging behaviorism's limitations and introducing the concept of an innate language acquisition device, although this notion remains debated.
- 1.6: Gestalt Psychology
- This section focuses on Gestalt psychology, emphasizing that perception is more than the sum of sensory inputs. Key principles like figure-ground relationship, proximity, similarity, good continuation, and closure explain how sensory data is organized. These principles demonstrate that perceptions, influenced by personal characteristics and biases, are not flawless.