Memory
Memory is the ability of the nervous system to receive and keep information. It is divided into three parts: Sensory memory, Short-term memory and Long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information for milliseconds and is separated into two components. The iconic memory is responsible for visual information, whereas auditory information is processed in the echoic memory. Short-term memory keeps information for at most half a minute. Long-term memory, which can store information over decades, consists of the conscious explicit and the unconscious implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative, can be subdivided into semantic and episodic memory. Procedural memory and priming effects are components of the implicit memory.
Brain regions:
|
Brain regions
|
Memory
|
|
Frontal lobe, parietal lobe, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
|
Short-term Memory/ Working Memory
|
|
Hippocampus
|
Short-term Memory → Long-term Memory
|
|
Medial temporal lobe (neocortex)
|
Declarative Memory
|
|
Amygdala, Cerebellum
|
Procedural Memory
|
For detailed information see chapter
Memory
Language
Language is an essential system for communication which highly influences our life. This system uses sounds, symbols and gestures for the purpose of communication. Visual and auditory systems of a human body are the entrance-pathway for language to enter the brain. The motor system is responsible for speech and writing production, it serves as exit-pathway for language. The nature of language exists in the brain processes between the sensory and motor systems, especially between visual or auditory income and written or spoken outcome. The biggest part of the knowledge about brain mechanism for language is deduced from studies of language deficits resulting from brain damage. Even if there are about 10 000 different languages and dialects in the world, all of them express the subtleties of human experience and emotion.
For detailed information see chapters
Comprehension
and
Neuroscience of Comprehension