Review Questions

1.

________ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visiospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive.

1. sensory memory
2. episodic memory
3. working memory
4. implicit memory

2.

The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________.

1. one or two bits of information
2. seven bits, plus or minus two
3. limited
4. essentially limitless

3.

The three functions of memory are ________.

1. automatic processing, effortful processing, and storage
2. encoding, processing, and storage
3. automatic processing, effortful processing, and retrieval
4. encoding, storage, and retrieval

4.

This physical trace of memory is known as the ________.

1. engram
2. Lashley effect
3. Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm
4. flashbulb memory effect

5.

An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is a (an) ________.

1. engram
2. arousal theory
3. flashbulb memory
4. equipotentiality hypothesis

6.

________ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.

1. stereotypical bias
2. egocentric bias
3. hindsight bias
4. enhancement bias

7.

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________.

1. persistence
2. misattribution
3. transience
4. blocking

8.

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

1. construction; reconstruction
2. reconstruction; construction
3. production; reproduction
4. reproduction; production

9.

When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement “Every good boy does fine” can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a (an) ________.

1. jingle
2. acronym
3. acrostic
4. acoustic

10.

According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about ________.

1. your best possible future self
2. a traumatic life experience
3. a trivial topic
4. your grocery list

11.

The self-referencing effect refers to ________.

1. making the material you are trying to memorize personally meaningful to you
2. making a phrase of all the first letters of the words you are trying to memorize
3. making a word formed by the first letter of each of the words you are trying to memorize
4. saying words you want to remember out loud to yourself

12.

Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are ________.

1. mnemonic devices
2. memory-enhancing strategies
3. elaborative rehearsal
4. effortful processing