4: Anxiety Disorders
- Page ID
- 219749
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 4.1: Why It Matters- Anxiety Disorders
- This page explores anxiety disorders, highlighting their defining characteristics, such as overwhelming and persistent anxiety that disrupts lives, distinct from typical anxiety. Anxiety disorders affect 25-30% of the U.S. population, with a higher prevalence in women. The DSM-5 categorizes several types, including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, often occurring alongside other mental health conditions.
- 4.2: Introduction to Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder
- This page highlights anxiety disorders, particularly generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder. GAD is marked by persistent anxiety, whereas panic disorder features sudden panic attacks. It also mentions other anxiety-related issues such as phobias and social anxiety, noting their impact on daily life. The content recognizes the increase in anxiety cases during the Covid-19 pandemic and offers resources for further information on these conditions.
- 4.3: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- This page describes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), marked by excessive worry impacting daily life, with symptoms like restlessness and sleep issues. Risk factors include genetics and childhood experiences. Treatment often involves cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication. It also outlines an exercise to assess understanding of GAD, offering a glossary definition and resources from various authors on anxiety disorders.
- 4.4: Panic Disorder
- This page discusses panic disorder, characterized by unexpected panic attacks and avoidance behavior, often leading to agoraphobia. Symptoms include rapid heartbeat and dizziness. Causes involve genetic, neurobiological, and cognitive factors. Treatment usually consists of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medications. Agoraphobia, marked by fear of difficult escape situations, can severely limit daily activities.
- 4.5: Introduction to Specific Phobias, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Separation Anxiety Disorder
- This page explores various anxiety disorders, including specific phobias like arachnophobia and ophidiophobia, social anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear of social situations, and separation anxiety disorder marked by distress from being apart from a caregiver.
- 4.6: Specific Phobia
- This page discusses specific phobias, defined as persistent fears that interfere with daily life, with common examples including heights and animals. They can arise from conditioning or learning experiences and are often treated with cognitive-behavior therapy and exposure therapy. The prevalence in the U.S. is 8.7%, with higher rates in women.
- 4.7: Social Anxiety Disorder
- Social anxiety disorder (SAD) involves a severe fear of social situations, impairing daily functioning and often resulting in avoidance behaviors. Factors such as past negative experiences and inherited traits contribute to its development. Affecting over 12% of the U.S. population, SAD is associated with poorer educational and job outcomes and is often linked to substance abuse as a coping mechanism.
- 4.8: Separation Anxiety and Selective Mutism
- This page discusses separation anxiety disorder, affecting individuals primarily aged six months to three years but extending into adulthood, characterized by distress and avoidance during separations. Treatments focus on psychoeducation and behavioral therapies, with CBT being effective for children. The page also covers selective mutism, where children cannot speak in specific situations, often linked to social anxiety.
- 4.9: Introduction to Treating Anxiety Disorders
- This page explores anxiety disorders through various psychological perspectives, presenting a comprehensive view of treatment methods. It emphasizes a holistic approach and acknowledges contributions from multiple authors.
- 4.10: Perspectives and Treatment for Anxiety Disorders
- This page explores anxiety disorders, their contributing factors (genetic, environmental, biological), and discusses neurotransmitters important in treatment. It details treatment methods, including medications like benzodiazepines and SSRIs, and therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which often yields lasting results, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
- 4.11: Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety
- This page discusses effective behavior therapies for anxiety disorders, specifically cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), exposure therapy, and systematic desensitization. It highlights a case study of Jessica, who reduced her public speaking anxiety through structured exposure sessions and relaxation techniques. The text contrasts systematic desensitization with flooding, a method involving direct confrontation of fears, emphasizing their focus on altering responses to anxiety.
- 4.12: Case Studies- Examining Anxiety
- This page discusses two case studies on anxiety disorders: Jameela, a 40-year-old lawyer whose chronic anxiety improved with cognitive behavioral therapy and medication, and Jane, a three-year-old with severe separation anxiety linked to her health history. These cases highlight the varied manifestations of anxiety and demonstrate effective treatment approaches.
- 4.13: Putting It Together- Anxiety Disorders
- This page discusses anxiety disorders, which are chronic conditions that can begin early or following a trigger and are worsened by stress. It distinguishes anxiety as a vague emotional state from fear, which is linked to specific threats. The page outlines that anxiety disorders include various types like phobias, with their prognosis influenced by severity and treatment options.