7: Mood Disorders
- Page ID
- 219752
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 7.1: Why It Matters- Mood Disorders
- This page highlights the importance of understanding mood disorders, which cause significant mood swings affecting daily life. It discusses major mood disorders, including symptoms, prevalence, demographics, risk factors, and treatments. The module also introduces emerging treatment options and includes a video overview for further insight.
- 7.2: Introduction to Depressive Disorders
- This page discusses mood disorders, especially depressive disorders such as major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is characterized by episodes of deep sadness and lack of interest, while persistent depressive disorder involves chronic sadness. Other types mentioned include depressive disorders resulting from medical conditions and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
- 7.3: Major Depressive Disorder
- This page covers major depressive disorder (MDD), highlighting its symptoms, risk factors, and prevalence. MDD, affecting around 163 million globally, is characterized by pervasive sadness and other severe symptoms. It impacts quality of life, leading to job loss and social isolation, with higher rates in women and younger individuals. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, unemployment, and life changes.
- 7.4: Subtypes of Depression and Persistent Depressive Disorder
- This page outlines the subtypes of depression in the DSM-5, including anxious distress, mixed features, melancholic features, atypical features, mood-congruent psychotic features, catatonia, seasonal pattern, and peripartum onset depression. It emphasizes seasonal affective disorder's occurrence in specific seasons and the stigma around postpartum depression, noting its prevalence and emotional challenges.
- 7.5: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
- This page discusses Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), a childhood condition marked by severe irritability and frequent temper outbursts, often resulting in significant functional impairment. Symptoms appear before age 10 and can be confused with ADHD and ODD. Diagnosis is challenging, and treatment may include psychotherapy, parent training, and medications, requiring careful monitoring.
- 7.6: Premenstrual Dsyphoric Disorder
- This page discusses premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe form of PMS affecting 1.8–5.8% of menstruating women, marked by intense irritability, depression, and anxiety before menstruation. Symptoms usually improve after the onset of the period. Treatment options include SSRIs, hormonal birth control, pain relievers, stress management, and lifestyle adjustments, with oophorectomy considered for severe cases seeking long-term relief.
- 7.7: Introduction to Bipolar and Related Disorders
- This page explains bipolar disorder, characterized by mood swings ranging from sadness to euphoria, necessitating at least one manic episode for diagnosis. Manic episodes are defined by intense euphoria, irritability, and increased activity. Additionally, it highlights that genetic factors play a more substantial role in the development of bipolar disorder compared to depression.
- 7.8: Bipolar Disorder
- This page discusses bipolar disorder, which includes Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and cyclothymia, characterized by mood episodes ranging from mania to depression. Symptoms include elevated mood and impulsivity. Risk factors include demographics, comorbidity with anxiety or substance use disorders, and ethnic disparities in treatment. The disorder often begins in adolescence, with significant genetic influence and environmental stress factors.
- 7.9: Cyclothymic Disorder
- This page discusses cyclothymic disorder, a mental condition marked by alternating depressive and hypomanic symptoms that are less severe than those found in bipolar disorder. Symptoms last over a year in children and two years in adults, causing significant life challenges without meeting major depression or bipolar criteria. While the cause is unclear, a family history of bipolar disorder increases risk. Treatment usually includes counseling and mood stabilizers, with a prevalence of about 0.
- 7.10: Introduction to Perspectives and Treatments Related to Mood Disorders
- This page discusses mood disorders, their potential evolutionary adaptations, and treatment methods. It highlights the role of personality traits like neuroticism in predicting these disorders and the adaptive nature of low mood in coping with adversity. It mentions conditions such as seasonal affective disorder as possibly having evolutionary roots.
- 7.11: Psychological Perspectives on Mood Disorders
- This page examines mood disorders, focusing on major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder from biological, cognitive, and sociocultural viewpoints. It identifies genetic susceptibility and neurotransmitter imbalances, and discusses the brain's role in emotional regulation. Various psychological theories, including psychodynamic, humanistic, and behavioral models, are presented alongside cognitive theories that emphasize thought patterns contributing to depression.
- 7.12: Treatments for Mood Disorders
- This page discusses treatment approaches for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD), highlighting various antidepressants (including MAOIs, tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs) along with their efficacy and side effects. It also mentions biological treatments like ECT and TMS and therapeutic methods such as cognitive and interpersonal therapy for MDD.
- 7.13: Suicide
- This page addresses the link between mood disorders and suicide, noting that 90% of suicide victims have a mental disorder, mainly mood disorders. Essential protective factors include social support, while rising suicide rates, especially among specific groups, and the influence of antidepressants are discussed. The role of media, including coverage of celebrity suicides and social media impacts, is highlighted.
- 7.14: Case Studies- Mood Disorders
- This page presents case studies on mood disorders through three fictional characters: A.J. from *The Sopranos*, who suffers severe depression post-breakup; Eeyore from *Winnie the Pooh*, depicting chronic low mood and worthlessness; and Ashlynn, a college student experiencing erratic behavior and depressive symptoms due to romantic struggles. Each character highlights distinct experiences and challenges associated with mood disorders.
- 7.15: Putting It Together- Mood Disorders
- This page discusses mood disorders, focusing on depressive disorders like major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, which is characterized by alternating mood states. It highlights the genetic influences on these disorders, noting a stronger genetic predisposition in bipolar disorder compared to depression. The chapter also emphasizes the significance of biological and psychological factors, as well as the increased suicide risk faced by individuals with mood disorders.