11: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- Page ID
- 219756
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 11.1: Why It Matters- Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
- This page emphasizes the importance of understanding schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, especially during young adulthood. These conditions significantly impair educational, occupational, and social functioning. Contrary to stereotypes that portray affected individuals as dangerous, they are more likely at risk of self-harm.
- 11.2: Introduction to Schizophrenic Disorders
- This page discusses schizophrenia, a severe mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, incoherent thinking, and emotional challenges. Symptoms may include unusual behaviors and reduced motivation, with hospitalization often needed for initial treatment. Some individuals can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support.
- 11.3: Schizophrenia
- This page outlines schizophrenia as a complex disorder affecting 1% of the population, marked by positive (hallucinations, delusions) and negative symptoms (lack of motivation, emotional flatness). It discusses diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and varying treatment options including antipsychotics and psychosocial therapies. Emphasis is placed on misconceptions about the disorder, particularly regarding violence, and on the importance of early intervention and tailored support.
- 11.4: Delusional Disorder
- This page discusses delusional disorder, characterized by persistent false beliefs without significant hallucinations, differing from schizophrenia. Diagnosis requires delusions lasting a month with no other explanations. Common types include jealous, erotomanic, grandiose, and persecutory delusions. Treatment emphasizes psychotherapy and may include antipsychotic medications, starting at low doses and assessed after six weeks.
- 11.5: Brief Psychotic Disorder
- This page discusses brief psychotic disorder, characterized by a sudden onset of psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations that last from one day to less than a month, followed by full remission. It may be triggered by severe stress, with unclear etiology possibly linked to genetic, neurological, or environmental factors. Treatment includes antipsychotic medications and psychosocial support.
- 11.6: Schizophreniform Disorder
- This page discusses schizophreniform disorder, marked by schizophrenia-like symptoms lasting one to six months. While the causes are not well understood, they may include genetic and environmental interactions. Symptoms encompass delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative effects like flat affect. Treatment usually combines atypical antipsychotics with psychotherapy.
- 11.7: Schizoaffective Disorder
- This page discusses schizoaffective disorder (SD), which merges schizophrenia and mood disorder symptoms. Diagnosis is often misdiagnosed, requiring psychotic symptoms without mood symptoms for two weeks. Treatment includes tailored medications, psychotherapy, and family involvement. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a last-resort option for severe cases.
- 11.8: Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
- This page discusses substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD), a condition where psychotic symptoms manifest due to substance use, including common drugs like alcohol and cannabis. Symptoms such as hallucinations can significantly impair functioning. The DSM-5 provides diagnostic criteria, and there's a notable risk of developing schizophrenia. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms with medications like haloperidol and therapies addressing co-occurring disorders.
- 11.9: Introduction to Perspectives and Treatments Related to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- This page explores schizophrenia spectrum disorders, emphasizing their etiology and treatment. It examines contributing factors through various psychological perspectives and discusses effective treatment approaches. Key questions regarding understanding and management are also considered.
- 11.10: Biological Explanations for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
- This page outlines the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia. High-risk adoptees showed increased incidence, though many without genetic predisposition also developed the disorder, underscoring environmental influences. The heritability is estimated at 41% to 87%, influenced by shared environments. Key neurotransmitters and anatomical brain abnormalities are noted, alongside risk factors such as urban living, social isolation, and family dysfunction.
- 11.11: Perspectives on Schizophrenia
- This page explores schizophrenia through various psychological perspectives, including psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive, and cognitive-behavioral approaches, emphasizing the disorder’s complexity. The diathesis-stress model merges genetic and environmental influences, while sociocultural factors reveal additional risks. Cannabis use, urban origins, and certain ethnicities may increase vulnerability to schizophrenia, though they are not definitive.
- 11.12: Treatment for Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
- This page outlines the evolution of schizophrenia treatment, focusing on a dual approach: antipsychotic medications for managing symptoms and nonpharmacological therapies for recovery and functional improvement. It highlights psychotherapeutic methods like cognitive enhancement therapy (CET) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), emphasizing the role of community support and coping skills.
- 11.13: Case Studies- Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- This page discusses case studies of individuals facing mental health challenges, particularly schizophrenia and psychotic disorders. It highlights Bryant's effective treatment for misdiagnosed OCD, Shanta's stimulant-induced psychosis, and Elyn Saks' advocacy for understanding mental illness. The examples illustrate the significance of proper diagnosis and treatment, showcasing that individuals can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support.
- 11.14: Putting It Together- Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders
- This page discusses the complexities of diagnosing and treating schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, which feature symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. The challenges affect both individuals and caregivers, but research continues to enhance understanding and treatment. Advocates, like Lauren on YouTube, share their experiences, highlighting that it is possible to live well despite these difficulties.