Key Terms Chapter 20: Population, Urbanization, and the Environment
- Page ID
- 143157
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| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sustainable Development | development that occurs without depleting or damaging the natural environment | ||||
| Asylum-seekers | those whose claim to refugee status have not been validated | ||||
| Cancer Cluster | a geographic area with high levels of cancer within its population | ||||
| Carrying Capacity | the amount of people that can live in a given area considering the amount of available resources | ||||
| Climate Change | long-term shifts in temperature and climate due to human activity | ||||
| Concentric Zone Model | a model of human ecology that views cities as a series of circular rings or zones | ||||
| Cornucopian Theory | a theory that asserts human ingenuity will rise to the challenge of providing adequate resources for a growing population | ||||
| Demographic Transition Theory | a theory that describes four stages of population growth, following patterns that connect birth and death rates with stages of industrial development | ||||
| Demography | the study of population | ||||
| E-waste | the disposal of broken, obsolete, and worn-out electronics | ||||
| Environmental Racism | the burdening of economically and socially disadvantaged communities with a disproportionate share of environmental hazards | ||||
| Environmental Sociology | the sociological subfield that addresses the relationship between humans and the environment | ||||
| Exurbs | communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status | ||||
| Fertility Rate | a measure noting the actual number of children born | ||||
| Fracking | hydraulic fracturing, a method used to recover gas and oil from shale by drilling down into the earth and directing a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and proprietary chemicals into the rock | ||||
| Gentrification | the entry of upper- and middle-class residents to city areas or communities that have been historically less affluent | ||||
| Human Ecology | a functional perspective that looks at the relationship between people and their built and natural environment | ||||
| Internally Displaced Person | someone who fled his or her home while remaining inside the country’s borders | ||||
| Malthusian Theory | a theory asserting that population is controlled through positive checks (war, famine, disease) and preventive checks (measures to reduce fertility) | ||||
| Megalopolis | a large urban corridor that encompasses several cities and their surrounding suburbs and exurbs | ||||
| Metropolis | the area that includes a city and its suburbs and exurbs | ||||
| Mortality Rate | a measure of the number of people in a population who die | ||||
| NIMBY | “Not In My Back Yard,” the tendency of people to protest poor environmental practices when those practices will affect them directly | ||||
| Pollution | the introduction of contaminants into an environment at levels that are damaging | ||||
| Population Composition | a snapshot of the demographic profile of a population based on fertility, mortality, and migration rates | ||||
| Population Pyramid | a graphic representation that depicts population distribution according to age and sex | ||||
| Refugee | an individual who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster | ||||
| Sex Ratio | the ratio of men to women in a given population | ||||
| Suburbs | the communities surrounding cities, typically close enough for a daily commute | ||||
| Urban Sociology | the subfield of sociology that focuses on the study of urbanization | ||||
| Urbanization | the study of the social, political, and economic relationships of cities | ||||
| White Flight | the migration of economically secure white people from racially mixed urban areas toward the suburbs | ||||
| Zero Population Growth | a theoretical goal in which the number of people entering a population through birth or immigration is equal to the number of people leaving it via death or emigration |