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16.8: Key Terms

  • Page ID
    200525
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    asylum
    institution created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders
    aversive conditioning
    counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior
    behavior therapy
    therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors
    biomedical therapy
    treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders
    cognitive therapy
    form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person’s thoughts lead to feelings of distress, with the aim of helping them change these irrational thoughts
    cognitive-behavioral therapy
    form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors
    comorbid disorder
    individual who has two or more diagnoses, which often includes a substance abuse diagnosis and another psychiatric diagnosis, such as depression, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia
    confidentiality
    therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party, unless mandated or permitted by law
    counterconditioning
    classical conditioning therapeutic technique in which a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior
    couples therapy
    two people in an intimate relationship, such as husband and wife, who are having difficulties and are trying to resolve them with therapy
    cultural competence
    therapist’s understanding and attention to issues of race, culture, and ethnicity in providing treatment
    deinstitutionalization
    process of closing large asylums and integrating people back into the community where they can be treated locally
    dream analysis
    technique in psychoanalysis in which patients recall their dreams and the psychoanalyst interprets them to reveal unconscious desires or struggles
    electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
    type of biomedical therapy that involves using an electrical current to induce seizures in a person to help alleviate the effects of severe depression
    exposure therapy
    counterconditioning technique in which a therapist seeks to treat a client’s fear or anxiety by presenting the feared object or situation with the idea that the person will eventually get used to it
    family therapy
    special form of group therapy consisting of one or more families
    free association
    technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment
    group therapy
    treatment modality in which 5–10 people with the same issue or concern meet together with a trained clinician
    humanistic therapy
    therapeutic orientation aimed at helping people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
    individual therapy
    treatment modality in which the client and clinician meet one-on-one
    intake
    therapist’s first meeting with the client in which the therapist gathers specific information to address the client’s immediate needs
    involuntary treatment
    therapy that is mandated by the courts or other systems
    nondirective therapy
    therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person identify conflicts and understand feelings
    play therapy
    therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems
    psychoanalysis
    therapeutic orientation developed by Sigmund Freud that employs free association, dream analysis, and transference to uncover repressed feelings
    psychotherapy
    (also, psychodynamic psychotherapy) psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems, or to attain personal growth
    rational emotive therapy (RET)
    form of cognitive-behavioral therapy
    relapse
    repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse
    Rogerian (client-centered therapy)
    non-directive form of humanistic psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard and self-acceptance
    strategic family therapy
    therapist guides the therapy sessions and develops treatment plans for each family member for specific problems that can addressed in a short amount of time
    structural family therapy
    therapist examines and discusses with the family the boundaries and structure of the family: who makes the rules, who sleeps in the bed with whom, how decisions are made, and what are the boundaries within the family
    systematic desensitization
    form of exposure therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders by exposing a person to the feared object or situation through a stimulus hierarchy
    token economy
    controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens (e.g., poker chip) that be exchanged for items or privileges
    transference
    process in psychoanalysis in which the patient transfers all of the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient’s other relationships to the psychoanalyst
    unconditional positive regard
    fundamental acceptance of a person regardless of what they say or do; term associated with humanistic psychology
    virtual reality exposure therapy
    uses a simulation rather than the actual feared object or situation to help people conquer their fears
    voluntary treatment
    therapy that a person chooses to attend in order to obtain relief from her symptoms

    This page titled 16.8: Key Terms is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax.

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