5: Social and Emotional Development
- Page ID
- 244979
This page is a draft and is under active development.
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Social and emotional development
- Describe social learning theories as they relate to infant and toddler development
- Discuss types of attachment in relation to early development
- Describe the stages of Erikson's Psychosocial Development
- List the stages of infant and toddler social-emotional development
- 5.1: Social Learning Theories
- This page discusses two behavioral theories: classical and operant conditioning, exemplified by Pavlov and Skinner, which focus on learning through reinforcement; and social learning theory by Bandura, who emphasizes learning through observation and imitation, illustrated by his Bobo Doll experiment. The findings indicate that children are influenced by both direct experiences and the behaviors they observe in others.
- 5.2: Attachment
- This page discusses attachment theory, focusing on John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth's contributions, along with Harlow's research. Bowlby emphasized that attachment is biologically driven and essential for development, proposing the monotropic theory of primary attachment. Harlow's monkey experiments showed comfort over food as a basis for attachment.
- 5.3: Psychosocial Stages
- This page covers Erik Erikson's lifespan development model, which includes 8 psychosocial stages characterized by conflicts that foster personality growth. Each stage, ranging from "Trust vs. mistrust" in infancy to "Integrity vs. despair" in old age, enables the development of vital virtues. Relationships are integral to overcoming these conflicts, impacting future learning and personal identity at various life stages.
- 5.4: Social Stages of Development
- This page outlines the social development of infants and toddlers. Infants (0-12 months) transition from responsive attachment to developing preferences and experiencing separation anxiety. By toddlerhood (1-3 years), they expand their social interactions, imitate behaviors, seek independence, and begin to understand their own emotions and those of others. Play evolves from parallel to more interactive forms, with enhanced communication and emotional expression, including empathy.
- 5.5: Emotional Stages of Development
- This page discusses the emotional development stages of infants and toddlers, influenced by cultural, environmental, and biological factors. In infancy (0-12 months), basic emotions emerge, leading to awareness and complex emotions like anxiety. From ages 1-3, toddlers explore emotions through tantrums, develop self-regulation and empathy, and enhance their emotional vocabulary.