12: Social Psychology
- Page ID
- 333113
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 12.1: Introduction to Social Psychology
- This page introduces social psychology and explores how behavior is shaped by social dynamics. It uses case studies like those of Trayvon Martin and Atatiana Jefferson to showcase the complexities of human interaction and societal biases. The outline highlights topics such as self-presentation, attitudes, conformity, prejudice, aggression, and prosocial behavior, stressing the importance of social influences on individual actions and their implications for violence and injustice in society.
- 12.2: What is Social Psychology?
- This page explores social psychology's focus on how individuals influence each other and the situational context's role in behavior. It discusses key concepts like situational vs. dispositional influences, attribution biases such as actor-observer bias, self-serving bias, and the just-world hypothesis.
- 12.3: Self-Presentation
- This page explores how social roles, norms, and scripts shape human behavior within social psychology. It highlights that social roles define expected behaviors in specific contexts, influenced by cultural expectations. Social norms govern acceptable conduct within groups, affecting interactions in settings like schools and workplaces. Scripts outline expected actions in familiar situations, differing across cultures.
- 12.4: Attitudes and Persuasion
- This page explains attitudes and persuasion, detailing how attitudes are formed and influenced through cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. It covers cognitive dissonance and the "justification of effort" concept, which shows that effort can enhance value perception.
- 12.5: Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience
- This page provides an overview of social influence, examining conformity, compliance, and obedience. Key findings from Asch's and Milgram's experiments illustrate how group pressure and authority affect behavior, highlighting factors such as majority size and dissenters. It discusses concepts like normative versus informational social influence, social facilitation, deindividuation, groupthink, and social loafing.
- 12.6: Prejudice and Discrimination
- This page explores the concepts of prejudice and discrimination, highlighting their cognitive origins and social identity's impact. It examines historical views on race, the role of heuristics in prejudicial thinking, and in-group versus out-group dynamics. Studies show arbitrary group assignments can foster bias and self-fulfilling prophecies.
- 12.7: Aggression
- This page examines aggression, defining it as harmful behavior and distinguishing between hostile and instrumental types. It covers the evolutionary basis for male aggression, various forms of bullying, and gender differences in aggressive behavior. Additionally, it addresses the bystander effect, exemplified by the Kitty Genovese case, illustrating how diffusion of responsibility can prevent individuals from intervening in emergencies.
- 12.8: Prosocial Behaviour
- This page explores prosocial behavior and altruism, emphasizing empathy and the debate over selflessness. It details principles of relationship formation, including proximity, similarity, reciprocity, and self-disclosure. The page also presents Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, which identifies four love types based on intimacy, passion, and commitment, and introduces social exchange theory, which posits that relationship satisfaction is determined by perceived costs and benefits.
- 12.9: Key Terms for Social Psychology
- This page provides an overview of key terms in social psychology, covering human behavior concepts such as biases (actor-observer, self-serving), social phenomena (conformity, aggression, altruism), and various prejudices (ageism, racism). It introduces important theories like social exchange and cognitive dissonance, explores types of love, and examines cultural influences on behavior. The content serves as a foundational glossary for understanding interpersonal dynamics and social influence.
- 12.10: Summary for Social Psychology
- This page discusses social psychology's exploration of how situational factors affect individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, focusing on the interplay between internal and external influences. It covers key concepts such as self-presentation, attitudes, conformity, prejudice, aggression, and prosocial behavior, including cognitive dissonance, social norms, and the dynamics of group behavior.
- 12.11: Review Questions for Social Psychology
- This page covers decision-making, social influence, and interpersonal relationships, introducing post-decision dissonance and compliance techniques like the foot-in-the-door strategy. It suggests practical conformity experiments and examines biases, prejudices, and discrimination. Additionally, it encourages introspection on friendships and romantic relationships through social exchange theory, focusing on satisfaction and cost-benefit dynamics.