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- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/08%3A_Global_Political_Economy/8.05%3A_ConclusionThe analytical turn from the international to the global, as mentioned in the introduction to this chapter, alerts us to the fact that change has occurred – though measuring its trajectory is difficul...The analytical turn from the international to the global, as mentioned in the introduction to this chapter, alerts us to the fact that change has occurred – though measuring its trajectory is difficult due to the fragmented array of actors and agendas evident at the global level.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_Theory_(McGlinchey_Walters_and_Scheinpflug)/12%3A_Global_Justice/12.03%3A_ConclusionGlobal justice scholars have contributed to widening the scope of IR theory by shifting the focus to individuals, on a planetary scale, and thereby approaching problems of global cohabitation in a new...Global justice scholars have contributed to widening the scope of IR theory by shifting the focus to individuals, on a planetary scale, and thereby approaching problems of global cohabitation in a new way. For that reason, global justice as an issue has been underrepresented in policy and global justice scholarship has not yet reached the same prominence as mainstream IR theories such as realism or liberalism.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/10%3A_Global_Poverty_and_Wealth/10.05%3A_ConclusionIt is one of the major conundrums of our world that poverty still exists amidst extreme and growing wealth. That is, we owe each and every person a debt of responsibility for the actions we take and t...It is one of the major conundrums of our world that poverty still exists amidst extreme and growing wealth. That is, we owe each and every person a debt of responsibility for the actions we take and the policies we promote within our own states. Hopefully the recognition of this, perhaps best marked out by the United Nations 2015 Sustainable Development Goals, will lead to a more just world in the years ahead.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/14%3A_Transnational_Terrorism/14.03%3A_ActivitiesConsider Italy’s reaction to the assassination and kidnapping of the popular prime minister Aldo Moro by the socialist Red Brigades: during the investigation of Moro’s kidnapping, General Carlo Albert...Consider Italy’s reaction to the assassination and kidnapping of the popular prime minister Aldo Moro by the socialist Red Brigades: during the investigation of Moro’s kidnapping, General Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa reportedly responded to a member of the security services who suggested torturing a suspected Brigade member, ‘Italy can survive the loss of Aldo Moro.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_Theory_(McGlinchey_Walters_and_Scheinpflug)/03%3A_The_English_School/3.02%3A_The_English_School_and_the_European_UnionIn this way, the tension between the needs and imperatives of states and the needs and imperatives of people, as well as the tension between the imperatives of order and justice, which constitute the ...In this way, the tension between the needs and imperatives of states and the needs and imperatives of people, as well as the tension between the imperatives of order and justice, which constitute the core of the pluralist/solidarist debate, are addressed.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_Theory_(McGlinchey_Walters_and_Scheinpflug)/11%3A_Green_Theory/11.01%3A_The_Basics_of_Green_TheoryGoodin (1992) suggests that a distinguishing feature of green theory is its reference to a coherent moral vision – a ‘green theory of value’ – which operates independently of a theory of practices or ...Goodin (1992) suggests that a distinguishing feature of green theory is its reference to a coherent moral vision – a ‘green theory of value’ – which operates independently of a theory of practices or political agency. This gives rise to the question of whether we need to give up on the idea of countries with borders as still being relevant to people’s lives, or recast them in some more ecologically appropriate way with reference to how people live in relation to their environment.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/08%3A_Global_Political_Economy/8.01%3A_Liberal_ApproachesThis is a reflection of some of the practical contradictions that Karl Polanyi (1957) first discovered in different historical manifestations of liberal ideas in the aftermath of the industrial revolu...This is a reflection of some of the practical contradictions that Karl Polanyi (1957) first discovered in different historical manifestations of liberal ideas in the aftermath of the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/17%3A_Managing_Global_Security_Beyond_Pax_Americana/17.01%3A_From_Isolation_to_Global_SuperpowerIn contrast, by 1945 the United States had shaken off the effects of the Great Depression, the global economic collapse of the 1930s, and was relatively untouched by the war. To monitor the situation,...In contrast, by 1945 the United States had shaken off the effects of the Great Depression, the global economic collapse of the 1930s, and was relatively untouched by the war. To monitor the situation, the United States chose to be involved globally, designing the international frameworks for commerce and governance at conferences it convened in Bretton Woods and San Francisco, both in America, and joining the United Nations which was headquartered in New York City.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/15%3A_The_Environment/15.03%3A_The_Global_Environment_as_a_Global_CommonsSome of the most popular international environmental agreements are specific to the area of climate change (like the Kyoto Protocol), but other, less well-known examples – such as the Aarhus Conventio...Some of the most popular international environmental agreements are specific to the area of climate change (like the Kyoto Protocol), but other, less well-known examples – such as the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters – are equally relevant.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_Theory_(McGlinchey_Walters_and_Scheinpflug)/02%3A_Liberalism/2.03%3A_ConclusionA core argument of liberalism is that concentrations of unaccountable violent power are the fundamental threat to individual liberty and must be restrained. At the international level institutions and...A core argument of liberalism is that concentrations of unaccountable violent power are the fundamental threat to individual liberty and must be restrained. At the international level institutions and organisations limit the power of states by fostering cooperation and providing a means for imposing costs on states that violate international agreements. Today, it is clear that liberalism is not a ‘utopian’ theory describing a dream world of peace and happiness as it was once accused of being.
- https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Sociology/International_Sociology/Book%3A_International_Relations_(McGlinchey)/04%3A_International_Relations_Theory/4.05%3A_ConclusionIt is important to note that the theories listed in this chapter are not exhaustive and there are many more that could be examined. Using a theory to critique an issue, as this chapter did with the Un...It is important to note that the theories listed in this chapter are not exhaustive and there are many more that could be examined. Using a theory to critique an issue, as this chapter did with the United Nations, is to understand the reason why these theories exist. Due to its complexity and diversity, it is common for newcomers to have some difficulty in grasping IR theory, but this chapter should give you the confidence to get started.
