4.9: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 198681
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- authoritarian
- a style of government that enforces obedience to government authority by strongly limiting personal freedom
- bill of rights
- a list or summary of the fundamental rights guaranteed to the individual by the state; in the United States, the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution
- civil liberties
- guarantees of freedom from government interference
- civil rights
- guarantees of equal treatment by government without discrimination based on characteristics an individual shares with a particular subset of the population
- communitarian
- describes a worldview that emphasizes the need for community and its values and the positive role that government plays in the lives of citizens; the idea that government exists to protect rights but also to form a political community to solve public problems
- community
- a group of people with shared interests and values, e.g., a family, a religion, or a political group
- community responsibilities
- an individual’s duties or obligations as a part of a community, including cooperation, respect, and participation; goes beyond thinking and acting as individuals to common beliefs about society’s order and the treatment of others
- constitution
- a framework, blueprint, or foundation for the operation of a government
- constitutionalism
- a system of government with three elements: the rule of law, limited government, and an element of individualism
- due process
- a legal requirement that the government respect the rights of the people; a demonstration of the rule of law and the balancing of government power with individual rights
- human rights
- inherent rights that, philosophically, can be neither given nor taken away by any government; the basis for freedom, justice, and peace in the world
- inalienable
- describes rights that are due to all persons and, philosophically, can be neither given nor taken away by any government
- individualist
- describes a minimalist government system wherein individuals take precedence
- liberalism
- a system in which government actively protects individual rights
- libertarianism
- a system in which government exists to provide a means to assist individuals in achieving their private interests
- negative rights
- statements of individual rights that emphasize limitations on the government’s ability to infringe on those rights
- positive rights
- statements of individual rights that emphasize the government’s obligation to guarantee those rights
- privacy
- in a liberal democratic system, a space separate from public life where the individual has personal autonomy to think, speak, and behave without being monitored or surveilled by another person or the government
- responsive communitarianism
- a system that seeks to blend the common good with individual autonomy while not allowing either to take precedence over the other
- rule of law
- a philosophy of how society should be ordered in which all leaders are held accountable to the law; a higher law than majority rule