10.11: Review Questions

1 .

In this type of regime, the head of government is selected by the legislature. The selection of the head of state, however, varies, and the head of state’s duties are largely ceremonial.

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential
3. Semi-presidential
4. Authoritarian

2 .

In this type of regime, the head of government is selected by the legislature and the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term.

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential
3. Semi-presidential
4. Authoritarian

3 .

In this type of regime, the head of government is popularly elected and serves a fixed term. The head of government also serves as the head of state.

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential
3. Semi-presidential
4. Authoritarian

4 .

As of 2018, which type of democratic regime is most numerous in the world?

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential
3. Semi-presidential
4. Authoritarian

5 .

Which of the following best describes an event or function that the head of state might perform?

1. Signing into law legislation that was passed by the legislature
2. Selecting members of the chief executive’s cabinet and conducting meetings with that cabinet
3. Responding to a crisis like COVID-19 and proposing policies to address the crisis
4. Hosting a state dinner where leaders of other countries are in attendance

6 .

True or False: Similar to the United States, presidents in all countries are term limited, can serve only two terms, and then are ineligible to be president again for life.

1. True
2. False

7 .

Which of the following is typically seen as an element of populism?

1. It uses rational arguments that appeal to elites.
2. It supports established institutions and embraces mainstream politics.
3. It uses emotional appeals directed at the masses.
4. It was most relevant in the late 1800s and is rarely seen in the 21st century.

8 .

According to political science scholars, which of the following provide(s) an opportunity for populism to arise within a country?

1. Inefficient government
2. Strong political parties
3. Systemic inequities
4. All of the above
5. A and B but not C
6. A and C but not B

9 .

True or False: Populism is uniquely associated with politicians on the political right.

1. True
2. False

10 .

True or False: Well-structured democracies with established political institutions have always been able to withstand any political threats populists have posed to the democratic system.

1. True
2. False

11 .

This term or phrase refers to an informal power presidents have and suggests presidents are in a unique position to shape public opinion.

1. Podium of ponderance and strategy
2. Spin doctor
3. Puppet master
4. Bully pulpit

12 .

According to political scientist Richard Neustadt, which of the following is possibly the president’s greatest power?

1. The ability to declare war
2. The power to persuade
3. The power to appoint members to the cabinet
4. The ability to sign legislation into law

13 .

In a parliamentary regime, the prime minister is chosen by the legislature. Before being selected, what institution are prime ministers a member of?

1. If the country has a monarchy, they are part of the royal family.
2. When the citizens voted, they directly elected their prime minister.
3. Before becoming prime minister, they served in the judiciary to learn the laws of the country.
4. The prime minister is a member of parliament.

14 .

Consider the following parties and the percent each party won in an election. In a parliamentary regime, which party would the prime minister be from?

1. Conservative Party—25 percent
2. Liberal Party—55 percent
3. New Democratic Party—15 percent
4. Green Party—5 percent
5. From the information provided, it cannot be determined which party the prime minister would come from. The prime minister could come from any of the above parties or a party not listed.

15 .

If no party gains a majority of the vote, then a __________ government is formed.

1. majority
2. coalition
3. confederation
4. merger

16 .

True or False: Similar to presidential regimes, elections in parliamentary regimes are fixed term elections and happen every four years.

1. True
2. False

17 .

This type of vote takes place when some members of the parliament no longer support the government.

1. Confidence vote
2. Retention vote
3. Maintenance vote
4. Recall vote

18 .

Which of the following is considered an advantage of presidentialism?

1. The government is unified, and policy is enacted quickly.
2. The president can claim a mandate.
3. There exists a clear line of policy making.
4. Both the head of state and the head of government are the same person, increasing efficiency.

19 .

Which of the following is considered an advantage in presidentialism?

1. Lack of accountability means the president can never be blamed.
2. The legislature and the presidency are assured to be held by the same party.
3. Separation of powers may provide minority groups protection of their rights.
4. Political parties and party discipline are very strong.

20 .

Which of the following is considered an advantage in parliamentarianism?

1. Coalition governments are possible, which means fewer elections due to more representation of groups in parliament.
2. During a time of crisis, prime ministers can act much more quickly than presidents can.
3. Prime ministers always enjoy majority support of the parliament.
4. Frequently, minority parties are represented in the parliament.

21 .

Which of the following is considered an advantage in parliamentarianism?

1. Political parties and party discipline are very strong.
2. Separation of powers is strong and includes an independent judiciary.
3. Prime ministers can claim a mandate.
4. Parliamentary regimes allow for far-reaching policy change from one government to the next.

22 .

True or False: A country with a parliamentary system having frequent elections does not mean their political system is unstable.

1. True
2. False

23 .

Generally, coalition governments ____________.

1. are shorter-lived than majority governments
2. are longer-lived than majority governments
3. have about the same lifespan as majority governments
4. are extremely rare

24 .

When governments are unable to pass major legislation and stalemates between competing parties occur, this is known as ____________.

1. politics as usual
2. party polarization
3. captive politics
4. gridlock

25 .

In presidential regimes, what type of voting is typically used and has the effect of supporting the development of a two-party system?

1. Ranked-choice voting
2. Plurality voting
3. Instant-runoff voting
4. Cumulative voting

26 .

These types of regimes are viewed as a “hybrid” and include aspects of other regimes.

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential
3. Semi-presidential
4. Authoritarian

27 .

True or False: In a semi-presidential regime, the head of government can be from one party and the president from another party.

1. True
2. False

28 .

Of the following regimes, which one has the most countries categorized as “free” by Freedom House?

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential
3. Semi-presidential
4. Authoritarian

29 .

In France, what term describes the situation in which the president and prime minister are from different parties?

1. Synchronicity
2. Cohabitation
3. Coexistence
4. Co-occurrence

30 .

Of the following countries, which one best represents the type of authoritarian rule that can emerge in a semi-presidential country?

1. Burundi
2. Nicaragua
3. Thailand
4. Russia

31 .

This is the formal group of advisors to the head of government.

1. Consulate
2. Embassy
3. Commission
4. Cabinet

32 .

In which regime are members of the cabinet also members of the legislature?

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential

33 .

In which regime would one be more likely to see the selection of a cabinet member based on political loyalty and ideological similarity to the head of government?

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential

34 .

In which regime are cabinet meetings rarer and tend to be ceremonial rather than substantive in nature?

1. Parliamentary
2. Presidential

35 .

Chief executives often have an informal group of advisors. Collectively, this group is often referred to as ________.

1. the advisory commissioners
2. the specialty consultants
3. the kitchen cabinet
4. the portico leaders

36 .

This characteristic of a bureaucracy suggests that all job positions should be explicitly defined and labor be divided.

1. Hierarchical authority
2. Job specialization
3. Formalized rules
4. Impersonality
5. Maintenance of files and records

37 .

This characteristic of a bureaucracy suggests there exists a “chain of command” in which officials at the top of a bureaucracy have authority over those in the middle, who in turn control those at the bottom.

1. Hierarchical authority
2. Job specialization
3. Formalized rules
4. Impersonality
5. Maintenance of files and records

38 .

This characteristic of a bureaucracy suggests that there are standardized operating procedures and established regulations by which a bureaucracy conducts its business.

1. Hierarchical authority
2. Job specialization
3. Formalized rules
4. Impersonality
5. Maintenance of files and records

39 .

This characteristic of a bureaucracy suggests people are to be treated fairly and impartially, without regard to a person’s social status or political party affiliation.

1. Hierarchical authority
2. Job specialization
3. Formalized rules
4. Impersonality
5. Maintenance of files and records

40 .

True or False: The bureaucracy only helps to enforce policy by ensuring people comply. The bureaucracy is never involved in the policy formation process.

1. True
2. False

41 .

Under this bureaucratic system, government positions are filled based on political loyalty.

1. The spoils system
2. The merit system
3. The civil service system
4. The warrant system

42 .

Under civil service or the merit system, what is the primary concept at work?

1. The concept of established partisanship
2. The concept of individual faithfulness
3. The concept of detached devotion
4. The concept of neutral competence

43 .

The iron triangle is composed of what three groups?

1. Congress, the presidency, and the bureaucracy
2. Parliament, the crown, and interest groups
3. The bureaucracy, interest groups, and nonprofits
4. Congress, the bureaucracy, and interest groups