2.13: Glossary
- Page ID
- 384881
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Key Terms
- Amniocentesis: A prenatal test in which a sample of amniotic fluid is withdrawn to test for chromosomal or genetic disorders.
- Behavioral genetics: The study of how heredity and environment contribute to human differences.
- Blastocyst: A fluid-filled sphere of cells formed about five days after fertilization that implants in the uterine wall.
- Chromosome: A threadlike structure composed of DNA and proteins that contains genes.
- Dominant gene: A gene that is expressed in the phenotype even when paired with a recessive gene.
- DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): The chemical substance that makes up genes and chromosomes.
- Embryonic period: The stage of prenatal development from implantation through the eighth week, when major organs and structures begin to form.
- Fetal period: The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week until birth, characterized by growth and maturation of organ systems.
- Gene: A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait or function.
- Genotype: An individual’s genetic makeup.
- Heredity: The transmission of traits from parents to offspring through genes.
- Infertility: The inability to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) – A procedure in which eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body and then implanted in the uterus.
- Karyotype: A visual representation of chromosomes arranged in pairs, used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.
- Meiosis: The process of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg) with half the number of chromosomes.
- Mitosis: The process of cell division that results in two identical cells, used for growth and repair.
- Monozygotic twins: Identical twins formed when a single fertilized egg splits into two embryos.
- Non-normative influences: Unusual events that have a major impact on an individual’s life, not tied to age or history.
- Phenotype: Observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment.
- Placenta: The organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removes waste products.
- Polygenic inheritance: Traits influenced by multiple genes, such as height or intelligence.
- Prenatal development: The process of growth and development that occurs between conception and birth.
- Recessive gene: A gene that is expressed in the phenotype only when paired with another recessive gene.
- Teratogen: An environmental agent that can cause harm to the developing embryo or fetus.
- Ultrasound: A prenatal imaging technique that uses sound waves to create a picture of the fetus.
- Zygote: The single cell formed at conception when sperm and egg unite.