5.14: Glossary
- Page ID
- 384896
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Key Terms
- Animism: The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.
- Authoritarian Parenting: A parenting style characterized by high demands and low responsiveness; parents impose strict rules and expect obedience.
- Authoritative Parenting: A parenting style characterized by high responsiveness and high demands; parents set clear standards but are supportive and communicative.
- Centration: Focusing on one aspect of a situation while neglecting others.
- Conservation: Understanding that certain properties of objects, such as volume or number, remain the same despite changes in the form or arrangement.
- Egocentrism: The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective.
- Gender Identity: A person’s internal sense of being male, female, or another gender.
- Gender Roles: Societal expectations for how individuals should behave based on their gender.
- Initiative versus Guilt: Erikson’s third stage of psychosocial development, where children assert power and control through directing play and social interactions.
- Irreversibility: The inability to mentally reverse a sequence of events or steps.
- Overregularization: Applying regular grammatical rules to irregular words (e.g., saying “goed” instead of “went”).
- Parallel Play: A form of play where children play alongside each other without interacting directly.
- Permissive Parenting: A parenting style characterized by high responsiveness and low demands; parents are indulgent and lenient.
- Preoperational Stage: Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development, where children begin to use language and think symbolically but lack logical reasoning.
- Private Speech: Speech by children that is spoken to themselves for self-guidance and regulation.
- Scaffolding: Support provided by a more knowledgeable person that helps a child learn a task, gradually removed as competence increases.
- Self-concept: A person’s understanding and evaluation of who they are.
- Theory of Mind: The ability to understand that others have thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives different from one’s own.
- Transductive Reasoning: Reasoning from one specific event to another, often incorrectly assuming causation.