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    • Joylin Namie

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    For Further Exploration

    Lents, Nathan H. 2018. Human Errors: A Panorama of Our Glitches, from Pointless Bones to Broken Genes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

    Stearns, Stephen C., and Jacob C. Koella, eds. 2008. Evolution in Health and Disease. 2nd edition. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

    Zuk, Marlene. 2013. Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us about Sex, Diet, and How We Live. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

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    Figure Description

    Figure 16.4: Obesity rates by country, 2017. The following are the rates as percentages of the total population of these countries:

    1. Japan, 3.7%
    2. India, 5%
    3. Korea, 5.3%
    4. Indonesia, 5.7%
    5. China, 7%
    6. Italy, 9.8%
    7. Switzerland, 10.2%
    8. Austria, 14.7%
    9. France, 15.3%
    10. Poland, 16.7%
    11. Spain, 16.7%
    12. Greece, 17%
    13. Israel, 17.8%
    14. Iceland, 19%
    15. Russian Federation, 19.6%
    16. Brazil, 20.8%
    17. Columbia, 20.9%
    18. Ghana, 22%
    19. Turkey, 22.3%
    20. Iceland, 23%
    21. Germany, 23.6%
    22. Costa Rica, 24.4%
    23. Finland, 24.8%
    24. Chile, 25.1%
    25. Canada, 25.8%
    26. South Africa, 26.5%
    27. United Kingdom, 26.9%
    28. Australia, 26.9%
    29. Mexico, 27.9%
    30. United States, 38.2%
    31. Egypt, 39%

    Figure 16.10: This chart depicts decreasing ages at time of first menstruation (menarche) in seven countries:

    1. In Germany/Finland, the age of menarche was approximately 16.5 years in 1860. This dropped to approximately 13.5 years by 1940.
    2. In Norway, the age of menarche was approximately 17 years of age in 1850. This dropped to approximately 13.3 by 1950, where it remained for 30 more years.
    3. In Sweden, the age of menarche was approximately 15.7 in 1890, dropping to approximately 14 years by 1950.
    4. There appears to be less data for Denmark. For Denmark, menarche was 13.7 in 1950 and dropped to approximately 13.3 by 1960.
    5. In the US, the age of menarche was 14 years in 1905. This dropped to 11 by 1990. This is the lowest data point on the chart.
    6. In the UK, the age of menarche was 13.3 in 1945, dropping to approximately 12.7 by 1970.

    This page titled 16.15: End of Chapter Content is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Joylin Namie (Society for Anthropology in Community Colleges) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request.