Economics
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- Book: Macroeconomics (OpenStax)
- Preface
- 1: Welcome to Economics
- 2: Choice in a World of Scarcity
- 3: Demand and Supply
- 4: Labor and Financial Markets
- 5: Elasticity
- 6: The Macroeconomic Perspective
- 7: Economic Growth
- 8: Unemployment
- 9: Inflation
- 10: The International Trade and Capital Flows
- Introduction to the International Trade and Capital Flows
- 10.1: Measuring Trade Balances
- 10.2: Trade Balances in Historical and International Context
- 10.3: Trade Balances and Flows of Financial Capital
- 10.4: The National Saving and Investment Identity
- 10.5: The Pros and Cons of Trade Deficits and Surpluses
- 10.6: The Difference between Level of Trade and the Trade Balance
- 11: The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
- Introduction to the Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
- 11.1: Macroeconomic Perspectives on Demand and Supply
- 11.2: Building a Model of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
- 11.3: Shifts in Aggregate Supply
- 11.4: Shifts in Aggregate Demand
- 11.5: How the AD/AS Model Incorporates Growth, Unemployment, and Inflation
- 11.6: Keynes’ Law and Say’s Law in the AD/AS Model
- 12: The Keynesian Perspective
- 13: The Neoclassical Perspective
- 14: Money and Banking
- 15: Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation
- 16: Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows
- 17: Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy
- Introduction to Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy
- 17.1: Government Spending
- 17.2: Taxation
- 17.3: Federal Deficits and the National Debt
- 17.4: Using Fiscal Policy to Fight Recession, Unemployment, and Inflation
- 17.5: Automatic Stabilizers
- 17.6: Practical Problems with Discretionary Fiscal Policy
- 17.7: The Question of a Balanced Budget
- 18: The Impacts of Government Borrowing
- 19: Macroeconomic Policy Around the World
- 20: International Trade
- 21: Globalization and Protectionism
- Introduction to Globalization and Protectionism
- 21.1: Protectionism: An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers
- 21.2: International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions
- 21.3: Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports
- 21.4: How Trade Policy Is Enacted: Globally, Regionally, and Nationally
- 21.5: The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy
- The Use of Mathematics in Principles of Economics
- The Expenditure-Output Model
- Book: Microeconomics (OpenStax)
- 1: Welcome to Economics!
- 2: Choice in a World of Scarcity
- 3: Demand and Supply
- 3.0: Prelude to Demand and Supply
- 3.1: Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium in Markets for Goods and Services
- 3.2: Shifts in Demand and Supply for Goods and Services
- 3.3: Changes in Equilibrium Price and Quantity: The Four-Step Process
- 3.4: Price Ceilings and Price Floors
- 3.5: Demand, Supply, and Efficiency
- 3.E: Demand and Supply (Exercises)
- 4: Labor and Financial Markets
- 5: Elasticity
- 6: Consumer Choices
- 7: Cost and Industry Structure
- 8: Perfect Competition
- 9: Monopoly
- 10: Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly
- 11: Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
- 12: Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities
- 12.0: Introduction
- 12.1: The Economics of Pollution
- 12.2: Command-and-Control Regulation
- 12.3: Market-Oriented Environmental Tools
- 12.4: The Benefits and Costs of U.S. Environmental Laws
- 12.5: International Environmental Issues
- 12.6: The Tradeoff between Economic Output and Environmental Protection
- 12.E: Environmental Protection and Negative Externalities
- 13: Positive Externalities and Public Goods
- 14: Poverty and Economic Inequality
- 15: Issues in Labor Markets - Unions, Discrimination, Immigration
- 16: Information, Risk, and Insurance
- 17.0: Financial Markets
- 18: Public Economy
- 19: International Trade
- 20: Globalization and Protectionism
- 20.0: Introduction
- 20.1: Protectionism: An Indirect Subsidy from Consumers to Producers
- 20.2: International Trade and Its Effects on Jobs, Wages, and Working Conditions
- 20.3: Arguments in Support of Restricting Imports
- 20.4: How Trade Policy Is Enacted: Globally, Regionally, and Nationally
- 20.5: The Tradeoffs of Trade Policy
- 20.E: Globalization and Protectionism (Exercises)
- 21: Appendix
- Book: Economics (Boundless)
- 1: Principles of Economics
- 2: The Market System
- 3: Introducing Supply and Demand
- 4: Economic Surplus
- 5: Consumer Choice and Utility
- 6: Elasticity and its Implications
- 7: Market Failure: Externalities
- 8: Market Failure: Public Goods and Common Resources
- 9: Production
- 10: Competitive Markets
- 11: Monopoly
- 12: Monopolistic Competition
- 13: Oligopoly
- 14: Inputs to Production: Labor, Natural Resources, and Technology
- 15: Challenges to Efficient Outcomes
- 16: Taxes and Public Finance
- 17: Income Inequality and Poverty
- 18: Introduction to Macroeconomics
- 19: Measuring Output and Income
- 20: Economic Growth
- 21: Inflation
- 22.: Unemployment
- 23: Inflation and Unemployment
- 24: Aggregate Demand and Supply
- 25: Major Macroeconomic Theories
- 26: Fiscal Policy
- 27: The Monetary System
- 28: Monetary Policy
- 29: The Financial System
- 30: Current Topics in Macroeconomics
- 31: International Trade
- 32: Open Economy Macroeconomics
- 33: Economic Crises
- 34: Interest and Profit
- 35: Health Care Economics
- 36: Natural Resource Economics
- 37: Agriculture Economics
- 38: Immigration Economics
Sun, 27 May 2018 22:54:47 GMT
Economics
Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behavior and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the entire economy (meaning aggregated production, consumption, savings, and investment) and issues affecting it, including unemployment of resources (labor, capital, and land), inflation, economic growth, and the public policies that address these issues (monetary, fiscal, and other policies).
Thumbnail: Charging Bull, a bronze statue by Arturo Di Modica at Bowling Green, Manhattan, New York City. Image used wtih permission (CC BY-SA 2.0; Aseba).