Macroeconomics
- Page ID
- 290642
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that studies the overall performance, structure, and behavior of entire economies rather than individual markets. It focuses on broad aggregates such as national income, output (GDP), unemployment, inflation, interest rates, and economic growth, seeking to understand the forces that shape the health and stability of an economy. Macroeconomists analyze how policies—such as government spending, taxation, and central bank actions—affect economic outcomes, and they explore patterns like business cycles, recessions, and long-term growth trends. By examining the economy at a large scale, macroeconomics provides insights into how societies allocate resources, maintain stability, and improve living standards over time.
- Principles of Macroeconomics 3e (OpenStax)
- Principles of Macroeconomics has been developed to meet the scope and sequence of most introductory macroeconomics courses. At the same time, the book includes a number of innovative features designed to enhance student learning. Instructors can also customize the book, adapting it to the approach that works best in their classroom.
- Front Matter
- 1: Welcome to Economics
- 2: Choice in a World of Scarcity
- 3: Demand and Supply
- 4: Labor and Financial Markets
- 5: Elasticity
- 6: The Macroeconomic Perspective
- 7: Economic Growth
- 8: Unemployment
- 9: Inflation
- 10: The International Trade and Capital Flows
- 11: The Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Model
- 12: The Keynesian Perspective
- 13: The Neoclassical Perspective
- 14: Money and Banking
- 15: Monetary Policy and Bank Regulation
- 16: Exchange Rates and International Capital Flows
- 17: Government Budgets and Fiscal Policy
- 18: The Impacts of Government Borrowing
- 19: Macroeconomic Policy Around the World
- 20: International Trade
- 21: Globalization and Protectionism
- 22: Appendix
- Back Matter
- Macroeconomics 1e (Medeiros)
- This macroeconomics textbook distills the subject to its essential concepts, providing a clear and focused framework for understanding the workings of the overall economy. It is designed to complement the author’s microeconomics textbook (Microeconomics 1e) and to address a major gap in existing instructional materials: the treatment of modern U.S. monetary policy.
- Principles of Macroeconomics (LibreTexts)
- The goal of this textbook is to help students understand how real individuals actually work with economics. In this textbook, the authors illustrate the practicality and relevance of economics with a variety of new illustrations and insights.
- Front Matter
- 1: Economics: The Study of Choice
- 2: Confronting Scarcity: Choices in Production
- 3: Demand and Supply
- 4: Applications of Demand and Supply
- 5: Macroeconomics: The Big Picture
- 6: Measuring Total Output and Income
- 7: Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
- 8: Economic Growth
- 9: The Nature and Creation of Money
- 10: Financial Markets and the Economy
- 11: Monetary Policy and the Fed
- 12: Government and Fiscal Policy
- 13: Consumption and the Aggregate Expenditures Model
- 14: Investment and Economic Activity
- 15: Net Exports and International Finance
- 16: Inflation and Unemployment
- 17: A Brief History of Macroeconomic Thought and Policy
- 18: Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination
- 19: Economic Development
- 20: Socialist Economies in Transition
- Appendix A: Graphs in Economics
- Appendix B: Extensions of the Aggregate Expenditures Model
- Back Matter
- Principles of Macroeconomics (Curtis and Irvine)
- Principles of Macroeconomics presents a complete and concise examination of introductory macroeconomics theory and policy suitable for a first introductory course. Examples are domestic and international in their subject matter and are of the modern era — financial markets, monetary and fiscal policies aimed at inflation and debt control, globalization and the importance of trade flows in economic structure, and concerns about slow growth and the risk of deflation, are included
- Front Matter
- 1: Introduction to key ideas
- 2: Theories, Data and Beliefs
- 3: The Classical Marketplace – Demand and Supply
- 4: Economic Activity and Performance
- 5: Output, business cycles, growth and employment
- 6: Aggregate Expenditure and Aggregate Demand
- 7: The Government Sector
- 8: Money, Banking and Money Supply
- 9: Financial markets, interest rates, foreign exchange rates and AD
- 10: Central Banking and Monetary Policy
- 11: Inflation, real GDP, monetary policy and fiscal policy
- 12: Exchange rates, monetary policy, and fiscal policy
- 13: Economic growth
- 14: The Building Blocks
- 15: Introduction to Macroeconomics
- 16: Financial Markets and Economic Activity
- 17: Real GDP, Business Cycles, Policy and Growth
- Back Matter

