22.1 Introduction

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Learning outcomes

Teach practical skills effectively.
Describe typical problems you may encounter when teaching practical skills in labs.
Describe pros and cons of virtually controlling real equipment.
Design effective lab tests for online learners.
Gain acceptance for online labs.
Discuss the future of online labs.
Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of drill and practice programs, tutorials, simulations, educational games, intelligent tutoring systems, and virtual reality applications.
Develop and select instructional materials.

This chapter first focuses on the viability of teaching lab, shop, and other practical skills in a virtual environment. I discuss instructional design considerations for online labs as well as how educational technology can support online learners, especially given problems with “live” labs. I also discuss ideas regarding controlling real equipment, how lab tests can be handled, and ideas with respect to articulation. I also share some thoughts on the future of online labs. The instructional design topic will address learning outcomes that focus on important skills, content areas that will be stronger or weaker than traditional labs, and strategies for effectively teaching lab skills online. I will present a variety of computer-based resources that can support learners beyond more common online strategies. These resources include drill and practice programs, tutorials, simulations, and educational games. The chapter will conclude with brief notes on intelligent tutoring systems and virtual reality applications.