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2: Genetic, Prenatal, and Perinatal Health
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2.0: What Does Psychology Say?
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The text revolves around Luisa, who is ten weeks pregnant and dealing with morning sickness and concerns about pregnancy risks such as the consumption of raw fish, alcohol, and caffeine. She's also contemplating the idea of a home birth, faced with reservations from her mother, and planning family decisions like her partner's vasectomy post-birth. Alongside pondering genetic inheritance, the text promises to address these common questions with research in the following chapter.
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2.1: Genetics and Environment
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This page covers key aspects of genetics, including chromosomes, DNA, and genes, and their role in genetic inheritance and human development. It delves into how genetic and environmental factors such as nature and nurture interact to shape traits and personalities, as illustrated by two brothers with differing personalities despite their genetic similarity.
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2.2: Reproductive Systems and Conception
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The section covers the anatomy and functions of male and female reproductive systems, conception, and pathways to parenthood, highlighting the journey of a couple exploring assisted reproduction and surrogacy. It details the male and female reproductive organs and the conception process, including the role of hormones. Various pathways to parenthood are discussed, such as assisted reproductive technologies, surrogacy, and adoption.
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2.3: Pregnancy and Prenatal Development
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This page outlines the stages of prenatal development, highlighting the germinal, embryonic, and fetal periods, and discusses methods to monitor fetal development and potential environmental influences. It also addresses the roles of parents during pregnancy, complications such as spontaneous abortion, and the effects of teratogens. The text emphasizes the importance of maternal health, proper prenatal care, and engagement with health professionals to enhance pregnancy outcomes.
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2.4: Childbirth and Perinatal Health
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This page discusses childbirth, exploring the stages of labor, birthing options, and assessment of the health of mothers and newborns. It details Emily and Omar's decision-making process about home vs. hospital birth, outlining the pros and cons. The page explains the stages of labor: dilation, active labor, and placenta delivery, and various childbirth methods and positions worldwide.
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2.5: The Newborn in Context
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This page provides an overview of the importance of parent-infant bonding during the neonatal period, including challenges and factors in caring for newborns. It highlights the role of bonding in early brain development and discusses parental leave policies worldwide. The text also explores common challenges for new parents, such as recovering from childbirth, feeding, sleeping, calming infants, and dealing with postpartum depression.
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2.6: Key Terms
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This page provides definitions and descriptions of various terms related to genetics, prenatal development, childbirth, and human reproductive systems. It covers concepts such as genotype-environment correlations, stages of pregnancy, and the roles of different reproductive organs. Additionally, it includes information on genetic traits, disorders, and processes influencing physical and behavioral attributes in individuals.
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2.7: Summary
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This document discusses various aspects of human development, including genetics and environment, where genes play a crucial role in determining traits and their expression through phenotype, emphasizing the interplay between genes and environments. It also covers reproductive systems, the process of conception, and different methods of becoming parents, touching upon social factors affecting reproductive health.
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2.8: Review Questions
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2.9: Check Your Understanding Questions
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2.10: Personal Application Questions
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2.11: Essay Questions
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