9: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- Page ID
- 219754
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 9.1: Why It Matters- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- This page emphasizes the importance of understanding substance-related and addictive disorders, particularly among young adults. These disorders frequently co-occur with psychiatric conditions, with over 50% of individuals facing dual diagnoses like depression and anxiety. Substance abuse includes harmful usage of both illegal drugs and certain prescription medications. Recognizing these issues is vital for tackling the significant public health challenges they create.
- 9.2: Introduction to Substance-Related Disorders
- This page outlines the characteristics and complications of commonly abused drugs, mainly focusing on depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens, especially alcohol and stimulant use disorders. It includes a CrashCourse video on altered states of consciousness from psychoactive drugs and offers references for further exploration of substance use and abuse.
- 9.3: Psychoactive Drugs and Substance Use Disorder
- This page explains the DSM-5's criteria for diagnosing substance use disorders, focusing on drug-related issues like alcohol and opioids. It covers key concepts such as physical and psychological dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms, highlighting the compulsive nature of drug use despite negative outcomes. The page outlines common traits of individuals with substance use disorders and provides an overview of various categories of psychoactive drugs.
- 9.4: Alcohol-Related Disorders
- This page discusses the effects of alcohol as a CNS depressant, including acute intoxication consequences like impaired judgment and the risks of injury. It covers alcohol use disorder (AUD), withdrawal symptoms, and the necessity for medical supervision during detoxification. The health impacts of alcohol on the brain, heart, and liver, alongside factors influencing alcoholism risk, are detailed.
- 9.5: Stimulant-Related Disorders
- This page examines stimulant use and its associated disorders, detailing their physiological and psychological effects, including dependence symptoms and health risks. It outlines treatment options like motivational interviewing, voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT), contingency management (CM), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which aim to address cravings, enhance recovery, and promote substance-free lifestyles.
- 9.6: Introduction to Opioid and Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
- This page examines the characteristics and complications of substances like opioids, hallucinogens, cannabis, phencyclidine, and inhalants, with a focus on substance use disorders, especially concerning commonly abused pain relievers and heroin.
- 9.7: Opioid-Related Disorders
- This page provides an overview of opioid use disorder (OUD), describing the addictive nature of opioids and the epidemic that began in the late 1990s, affecting millions worldwide. It highlights symptoms, contributing factors, and the increasing prevalence among young women and rural populations. Treatment approaches include opioid replacement therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.
- 9.8: Hallucinogen-Related Disorders
- This page discusses hallucinogens, which significantly alter perception and include substances like LSD and psilocybin, impacting serotonin and glutamate systems. Disorders associated with their use include HPPD and PCP use disorder, with behavioral therapies for treatment. Salvia, another hallucinogen, causes intense effects and aggressive behavior. There's a focus on the risks of inhalant abuse among teens, highlighting their serious health impacts.
- 9.9: Cannabis-Related Disorders
- This page discusses cannabis, a psychoactive drug used for medical and recreational purposes, highlighting its effects like euphoria and appetite increase, as well as potential adverse effects including addiction and impaired cognition. It notes the drug's status as the most commonly used illegal substance and mentions the growing trend toward legality in various areas. Additionally, it addresses the lack of standardized tests for diagnosing cannabis-related disorders.
- 9.10: Introduction to Perspectives and Treatments Related to Substance-Related Disorders
- This page examines psychological perspectives on addiction and substance-related disorders, emphasizing the interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and social factors. Effective treatment involves stopping drug use, maintaining sobriety, and social reintegration through a combination of detoxification, behavioral counseling, and medications.
- 9.11: Perspectives on Addiction
- This page emphasizes the complex interplay of psychological, behavioral, environmental, and sociocultural factors in substance use and addiction. Anticipated outcomes drive repetitive behavior and addiction, while cognitive impairments hinder self-control. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable, and comorbid mental health disorders often coexist with substance use. Global trends reveal high mortality rates, especially related to opioids and alcohol.
- 9.12: Treating Addiction
- This page explains the complexities of drug addiction treatment, emphasizing long-term care and personalized approaches that address both substance use and mental health issues. It discusses the effectiveness of pharmacological and behavioral therapies, including counseling and medication to manage withdrawal and cravings. Continuous monitoring and tailored treatment plans are crucial for preventing relapse and facilitating recovery.
- 9.13: Case Studies- Substance-Abuse Disorders
- This page presents the recovery journeys of Benny and Lorrie, both overcoming addiction. Benny, who struggled with drugs and alcohol, shares his transformation after seeking help, highlighting the role of Alcoholics Anonymous in improving his emotional well-being and relationships. Lorrie, an opioid addict, describes her treatment with medication and counseling, which led her to become drug-free. Her experience showcases the positive effects of research on addiction recovery.
- 9.14: Putting It Together- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- This page discusses substance use disorders, highlighting their definition, characteristics, and common substances like alcohol, opioids, and stimulants. The DSM-5 classifies severity levels as mild, moderate, or severe. In 2017, around 271 million people used illicit drugs, resulting in approximately 585,000 deaths and millions more from alcohol. It emphasizes the importance of understanding diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options for effective management of these disorders.