2: Developmental Theories

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Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to

Define theory.
Describe Freud's theory of psychosexual development.
Identify the parts of the self in Freud's model.
List five defense mechanisms.
Describe five defense mechanisms.
Appraise the strengths and weaknesses of Freud's theory.
List Erikson's eight stages of psychosocial development.
Apply Erikson's stages to examples of people in various stages of the lifespan.
Appraise the strengths and weaknesses of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.
Compare and contrast Freud and Erikson's theories of human development.
Describe the principles of classical conditioning.
Identify unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, and conditioned response in classical conditioning.
Describe the principles of operant conditioning.
Identify positive and negative reinforcement, and primary and secondary reinforcement.
Contrast reinforcement and punishment.
Contrast classical and operant conditioning and the kinds of behaviors learned in each.
Describe social learning theory.
Describe Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Define schema, assimilation, accommodation, and cognitive equilibrium.
List Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Describe Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Critique Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Describe Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development.
Explain what is meant by the zone of proximal development.
Explain guided participation.
Describe scaffolding.
Compare Piaget and Vygotsky's models of cognitive development.
Describe Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model. The objectives are indicated by the reading sections below.