3: Using Observation Methods, Tools and Techniques to Gather Evidence
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Observing children as they play, learn, and socialize with others is an integral part of every early educator’s daily routine. According to the California Preschool Program Guidelines, when early caregivers and preschool teachers “regularly observe and document brief, subtle moments of children’s learning through play, those records help parents and others understand how useful and important play is in helping children to learn and grow” (p. 32-33). In this chapter, we will examine the various observation methods, tools and techniques that can be used to gather information about the children in your care. Although teachers may favor one method over the other, it is recommended that teachers utilize several methods, tools and techniques so that they can gather a well- rounded perspective of each child. To truly understand the “whole child” it is important to realize that observation and documentation is an ongoing process that begins with gathering “baseline data.”
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3.1: Taking the First Step - Gathering Baseline Data
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The text emphasizes the importance of establishing baseline data to measure a child's learning and development effectively. It references the Desired Results Developmental Profile (DRDP), recommending observations within 60 days of enrollment and formal assessments every six months. By tracking what children can do and their potential, educators can make informed decisions, tailoring activities to individual needs.
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3.2: Understanding the Child
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To support the whole child effectively, educators should continuously use tools and techniques such as screening, curriculum planning, and developmental assessment. Observations are key in gaining insights into children's interests, abilities, and preferences; their developmental skills across various domains; their strategies in social situations; approaches to learning opportunities; and their personality and temperament.
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3.3: Let’s Get Started
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To conduct effective observations, whether planned or spontaneous, an intentional teacher should have essentials ready. These include writing materials like paper and pens, recording devices such as cameras, storage solutions like filing cabinets, and blank observation templates. Additionally, handy extras like tape and paper clips may be needed. Being prepared with these tools supports thorough and organized documentation.
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3.4: A Closer Look at Observation Methods, Tools and Techniques
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Observing a child's development requires consistent observation using varied documentation techniques like Running Records, Checklists, Frequency Counts, Anecdotal Records, Work Samples, Learning Stories, and Technology. Each method has its strengths and limitations, providing different types of data from rich, detailed narratives to quantifiable tallies. Such tools aid in tracking progress and understanding individual children's attributes, informing teaching strategies and curriculum planning.
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3.5: Conclusion and References
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Intentional teachers are skilled observers who use various methods like running records, anecdotal notes, and video recordings to understand each child's individual needs and strengths. This information helps teachers set realistic expectations, create developmentally appropriate activities, and foster a stimulating learning environment. The process emphasizes understanding each child as both an individual and a community member.