13: Stress
- Page ID
- 333114
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 13.1: Introduction to Stress and Health
- This page introduces stress, especially as it pertains to college students facing academic and financial pressures. It identifies major and minor stressors affecting well-being and reviews psychological research on stress, including its causes and effects. The chapter also emphasizes effective stress management strategies to help individuals maintain control and resilience in the face of adversity.
- 13.2: What is Stress?
- This page examines stress as a complex experience shaped by individual perceptions, differentiating between eustress and distress. It covers stimulus-based and response-based definitions of stress, highlighting the significance of threat appraisal and coping strategies. Key contributions from researchers like Walter Cannon and Hans Selye are discussed, alongside stress's physiological effects on performance and health.
- 13.3: Stressors
- This page discusses stressors, categorizing them into chronic and acute types, with chronic stressors lasting longer and acute ones being brief yet overwhelming. Traumatic events can lead to PTSD, and life changes are significant stressors, measured by the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS). Daily hassles are often more harmful than major life changes, especially for adolescents. Occupational stress varies by job type, leading to phenomena like job burnout.
- 13.4: Stress and Illness
- This page explores the relationship between stress, emotional health, and physical health outcomes. Chronic stress can lead to psychophysiological disorders, affecting immune function and increasing susceptibility to illnesses, particularly impacting cardiovascular health. Negative emotions like anger, hostility, and depression are linked to a higher risk of heart disease and can create social strains that exacerbate health issues.
- 13.5: Regulation of Stress
- This page covers stress regulation through coping strategies, emphasizing problem-focused and emotion-focused approaches. It highlights the role of perceived control in health outcomes and the significance of social support in stress management. The page notes that higher perceived control and strong social ties improve health and reduce risks.
- 13.6: The Pursuit of Happiness
- This page covers the multifaceted nature of happiness, identifying it as a subjective experience shaped by various elements, including social relationships and income. The connection between happiness and factors like living conditions, cultural values, and religiosity is explored, along with the challenges of affective forecasting. Positive psychology is emphasized for its role in enhancing well-being, promoting strengths, and fostering positive affect.
- 13.7: Key Terms for Stress and Health
- This page covers key concepts of stress and health, detailing stress response mechanisms and their health implications. It introduces terms like general adaptation syndrome, distress vs. eustress, and discusses psychological and physiological disorders linked to stress. Emphasis is placed on social support, coping strategies such as biofeedback, and the effects of optimism and perceived control.
- 13.8: Summary for Stress and Health
- This page discusses stress as a perceived threat that activates physiological fight-or-flight responses, influenced by both chronic and acute stressors. It highlights the health impacts of stress, including weakened immunity and worsened psychophysiological disorders. Coping strategies, especially problem-focused methods and social support, are emphasized for reducing stress.
- 13.9: Review Questions for Stress and Health
- This page features review questions on stress and health, including multiple-choice and critical thinking prompts. It addresses stress effects, Selye's general adaptation syndrome, cortisol, the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, job burnout, and health outcomes like heart disease.