5: California
- Page ID
- 325984
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 5.1: Works Cited
- This page includes the references for this chapter.
- 5.2: Works Cited
- This page provides references for the chapter.
- 5.3: Introduction
- This page explores the history of California's constitutional development, from its inception in 1849 to significant reforms in the early 20th century. It examines how the original 1849 Constitution laid the groundwork for state governance and its impacts on various communities, including Native Americans and African Americans.
- 5.4: The Constitution of 1849
- In 1849, following the Mexican War, California was governed by military rule using existing Mexican laws, until a constitutional convention was called by General Bennett Riley to establish state governance. Delegates at the convention crafted a constitution reflecting American values, prohibiting slavery, and providing voting rights primarily for white males and Californios.
- 5.5: The Constitution of 1879
- The Constitution of 1879 replaced the Constitution of 1849. Maintaining the same basic organization of government, its proponents, led by the Workingmen's Association intended to limit the power of monopolies, deport Chinese American immigrants, and reduce the tax burden of farmers.
- 5.6: The Progressive Reforms
- After the adoption of the 1879 Constitution, California experienced significant growth in population and economy, creating a fertile environment for Progressive era reforms. These reforms mirrored national trends, including shifts in gender politics, and were partly reactions against the powerful railroad interests. The Constitution of 1879 set a precedent for open-ended political reforms, which progressives capitalized on to promote direct democracy.
- 5.7: For Your Consideration- What is Your Constitutional Philosophy?
- This section helps you develop your philosophy about constitutional change.
- 5.8: Summary- Making Sense of California Constitutional History
- The page discusses California's political and constitutional history, focusing on how power dynamics have evolved since the Constitution of 1849. Initially, an elite group held sway, but social movements, as represented by the Workingmen's Party and the Progressives, have also shaped the state's political landscape. California's governance has transitioned from a representative system to a hybrid that incorporates direct democracy.
- 5.9: Introduction
- The page explores the importance of federalism within the U.S., highlighting how federal and state laws impact daily life. It discusses the constitutional issues surrounding federalism, its historical development, and its influence on issues like disability access, drinking age, marriage equality, marijuana use, gun laws, and abortion rights.
- 5.10: Constitutional Issues
- The U.S. Constitution presents an "invitation to struggle" in defining federal-state relations due to its ambiguity.
- 5.11: The Impact of Federalism
- This chapter outlines a thematic exploration of federalism, discussing constitutional issues and the debate over jurisdiction in governance through three types of federalism. It includes a decision-making section featuring case studies to analyze federalism in practice. The summary encourages the development of a personal philosophy on federalism.
- 5.12: Debating Who Should Be in Charge- Three Types of Federalism
- This section traces the changing relationships between the federal and state governments.
- 5.13: You Decide- Case Studies in Federalism
- This section provides case studies to help the student reflect on their own viewpoints regarding federalism.
- 5.14: Summary- Developing Your Philosophy about Federalism
- This section summarizes the political and philosophical issues regarding federalism.